Unit 5: Revolutions (1750 - 1900) Flashcards
(36 cards)
Causes
Nationalism + Political dissent + New ideologies + system of government
Nationalism
Used by some states to foster a sense of unity among their ppl → Nationalist movements → Revolutions / Call for higher degree of self-rule / National unification
Political dissent
Widespread discontent with monarchist + imperial rule
New ideologies + system of government
Came from ET; Popular sovereignty + Democracy + Liberalism
Liberalism
Economic + political ideology that emphasize protection of individual rights + democracy + limited government + economic freedom
Similarities in All
Inspired by Enlightenment ideals (to some degree) + democratic idea;s; Wars between major imperial powers created conditions that helped ignite Atlantic revolutions; All interlinked (start with American - each created conditions for the next)
Relation between French Rev. and American Rev.
Lavish spending of the French government when they helped the colonists during the American Rev. resulted in their own revolution
Relation between French Rev. and Haitian Rev.
Haitian rev. occurred during the French revolution - opportunity to resolt
Relation between Napoleonic Wars and Latin America Rev.
Created conditions for the people of Latin America to seek independence from Spain and Portugal
Global effects of the revolutions
Revs. spread Enlightenment ideas (freedom, equality, popular sovereignty) → Almost every state in the world recognized freedom + equality for all citizens + authority to rule was based on popular sovereignty
Political effects of the revolutions
Consolidation of national states as principle form of political organization
Propaganda movement (Latin America)
Reform movement in the Philippines led by Filipino intellectuals based in Spain + aimed to achieve reforms under Spanish colonial rule; Publish ideas → Spain felt threatened + suppressed the movement → Philippine Revolution
Philippines
Spanish colony → Spanish controlled education + only wealthy creoles + mestizos got university education by going to Europe → Ideals inspired them to revolt
Unification of Italy
Caused by Nationalism;
Unification of Germany
Caused by Nationalism
Industrial Revolution
Process by which states transition from primary agrarian economies to industrial economies (goods made from hand to machines); Change balance of political power + re-ordered societies + made industrial nations rich
Reasons why Britain came 1st in IR
- Proximity to waterways; Many rivers + ways of transportation to trade; 2. Geographical distribution of coal + iron: Lots of coal → Increased efficiency in iron production → bridges + railroads; 3. Access to many foreign resources (NA: timber; India: cotton); 4. Improved agricultural activity due to Agricultural Rev.
- Rapid urbanization
- Legal protection of private property
- Accumulation of capital (wealth gained from Atlantic Slave Trade)
Agricultural Revolution
Crop rotation + Seed drill + New food from Columbian Exchange
Crop rotation
Kept part of the land unplanted
New food from Columbian Exchange
Introduction of potato from Americas to Europe - Diversified their diets + healthier + increase life expectancy (especially for impoverished folks in rural areas)
Factory
Place where goods for sale were mass produced by machines
Factory System
Spread of Industrialization
Steam engine; Divide between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations
Streamships
