UNIT 1 HIGHER Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define Differentiation
Cellular differentiation is when a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell
What are stem cells used to for?
Growth /Repair to replace damaged or dying cells
Give the term for what a embryonic stem cell is found in?
Blastocyst
How many of the genes are switched on in embryonic stem cells?
All of them
Give a term that describes embryonic stem cells
Pluripotent
What type of cells can tissue stem cells differentiate into?
Cells closely related to the tissue in which they are found
Give the term used to describe tissue stem cells
Multipotent
Give a therapeutic use of stem cells and a research use
- Leukemia/Cornea Repair
-Drug Testing/ The study of diseases and their developments
Explain why the use of embryonic stem cells is considered controversial
Due to the fact that once extracted it leads to the destruction of the embryo
What is the chromosome compliment of both somatic and Germline cells?
46 chromosomes
True or False?
Somatic cells can only divide by meiosis.
False they can only divide by mitosis. It is germline cells that can divide by both mitosis and meiosis
What 2 divisions take place during meiosis and what is the process used to produce?
- Separating homologous chromosomes
- Separating chromotids
- used for the production of hapliod cells ( gametes )
What type of signals do cancer cells not respond to?
Regulatory
What are the two ways to describe a tumour ?
Benign and Malignant
How are secondary tumours formed and what term is used for the process in which they are?
- Cells from the primary tumour could break off and make their way into the bloodstream.
- Metastasised
What is each strand of DNA made up of and what do they consist of ?
- Nucleotides
:phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, an organic base
What are the bases held together by?
Weak hydrogen bonds
True or False ?
Weak chemical bonds from between the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next.
False it is strong chemical bonds that do this to create a sugar phosphate backbone
What word is used to describe the direction of complimentary DNA strands?
Antiparallel
What is found on the 3 prime end of each strand and what is found of the 5?
Deoxyribose sugar -3
Phosphate-5
What 6 things are needed for Dna replication ?
-A good supply of nucleotides
- DNA Polymerase
-Ligase
-A template strand of DNA
- ATP
-A primer
Why does Dna Replication take place?
To ensure no genetic data is lost from parent to daughter cells
What is a primers job?
Binds the 3 end of the template to allow for dna polymerase to add dna nucleotides
