Unit 1: Histology Quiz

Question 1

Define tissues

Answer 1

A group of specialized cells of common embryonic origin

Question 2

Tissue cells and function

Answer 2

Cells share morphological features are arranged in a specific pattern to facilitate the tissue function

Question 3

Types of tissues

Answer 3

1) connective
2) epithelial
3) muscle
4) nervous

Question 4

Epithelial tissue definition

Answer 4

Covers exterior surfaces of the body, line internal cavities and passageways, and form certain glands

Question 5

Describe the function of epithelium forming protective barriers

Answer 5

• covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and cavities
• control permeability (selective barrier)
• provide sensation

Question 6

Describe the function of epithelium forming glands

Answer 6

• produces important secretions ex. Mucous, hormones, and other substances

Question 7

Label the epithelial tissue

Answer 7

A= cilia
B = muscles of goblet cell
C= pseudo-stratified epithelial layer
D = basement membrane

Question 8

All epithelia have … and are ….

Answer 8

… free apical surface and attached basal surface
-> non-cellular basement membrane on which the epithelium sits
… avascular, but innervated, regenerative

Question 9

Classification of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

By # of layers: simple (1 layer). Stratified (multi-layered), and pseudo-stratified (1 cell layer, but nucleus aren’t aligned)
By shape: squamous (flattened cells), cuboidal (cube shaped cells), columnar (column shaped cells)

Question 10

Tissue type that are excitable, responding to stimulation and contracting to provide movement

Answer 10

Muscle tissue

Question 11

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 11

Smooth, skeletal, and cardiac

Question 12

Smooth muscle

Answer 12

• Involuntary
• non-striated
• associated with internal organs, glands, and blood vessels

Question 13

Skeletal muscle

Answer 13

• voluntary
• striated
• multinucleated
• associated with bones of the skeleton

Question 14

Cardiac muscle

Answer 14

• striated
• involuntary
• branched rather than parallel fibres

Question 15

Definition of connective tissue

Answer 15

Comprised of small # of cells and large amount of extra cellular material (matrix). Composition of matrix determines the characteristics of different types of connective tissue

Question 16

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 16

• fills internal spaces, bind tissues and organs together
• provides support and strength to other tissues
• protection and insulate internal organs
• transport materials
• provides immunity
• stores energy as fat

Question 17

Common components of connective tissue matrix

Answer 17

Will vary
- fibres to increase strength and flexibility
- white blood cells to prevent infection
- adipocyte cells that stores fat
- fluid and other molecules

Question 18

2 parts of extra cellular matrix

Answer 18

Ground substance:
- fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, or calcified
- supports and binds cells
Fibres:
- collagen
- reticular
- elastic

Question 19

Connective tissue cells

Answer 19

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Melanocytes
Leukocytes: macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells

Question 20

Classification of connective tissue

Answer 20

*based on cell type and what’s found in matrix
1. Embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme)
2. Mature connective tissue
- loose connective tissue
- dense connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular)
- dense connective tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)
- cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrous)
- bone
- liquid (blood, lymph)

Question 21

Dense connective tissue

Answer 21

• thicker and more dense collagen fibres than loose connective tissue
• less cells vs loose connective tissue
• resistance to stretching
• ex tendons

Question 22

Regular dense connective tissue

Answer 22

• collagen fibres in bundles that are regularly arranged (parallel)
  -> fibroblasts in rows between fibres
• strength and resistance
• forms tendons and ligaments
• not all fibres parallel in ligaments

Question 23

Irregular dense connective tissue

Answer 23

• random direction of collagen fibres and fibroblasts
  -> forms sheets (skin dermis, arterial walls, heart valves, covering of bone)
• provides strength when forces are pulling from many different directions

Question 24

Elastic dense connective tissues

Answer 24

• branching elastic fibres (minor collagen) and few fibroblasts
  ->lung tissue, blood vessels, trachea, bronchi
• allows stretching of organs

Question 25

Cartilage

Answer 25

- collagen fibres and elastic fibres embedded in a dense network - the only connective tissue with out blood vessels - gel like matrix

Question 26

Examples of cartilage

Answer 26

- between vertebral discs, ear - ends of bones, trachea and lungs, nose (flexibility and support)

Question 27

Types of cartilage

Answer 27

Hyaline, fibrous, elastic

Question 28

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 28

- most common - rib cage, nose, articular cartilage joints

Question 29

Fibrous cartilage

Answer 29

- fibrocartilage - very tough due to thick bundles of collagen through the matrix

Question 30

Elastic cartilage

Answer 30

- elastic fibres and collagen for strength and flexibility - in outer ear

Question 31

Functions of bone

Answer 31

- support - protection of soft tissue - storage of calcium and phosphate - blood cell production in red bone marrow - fat storage in yellow bone marrow

Question 32

Types of bone tissue

Answer 32

Compact and spongy

Question 33

Compact bone structure

Answer 33

- Osteon= concentric rings (lamellar) of calcified matrix, surrounding a vertically oriented blood vessel (haversion system) - osteocytes found in spaces called lacunae - osteocytes communicate through canaliculi filled with extra cellular fluid that connect 1 cell to another

Question 34

Spongy bone

Answer 34

- less organized - lattice like structure of thin plates of bone (trabeculae) oriented along lines of stress - spaces found in the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow - found in ends of long bones and inside flat bones

Question 35

Liquid connective tissue

Answer 35

Blood: - liquid matrix containing different typed of cells, each with a different function - red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma) - contained in blood vessels - transport and immunity

Question 36

Nervous tissue

Answer 36

- nerve cells (neutrons) in a loose association forming nerve networks - 1 neutron contains a cell body, dendrites, and axons - carry info to and from brain and spinal cord - axons bundled in groups and cell bodies clustered together

Question 37

groups of axons and inside braind and spinal cors

Answer 37

white matter

Question 38

groups of cell bodies and inside brain and sponal cord

Answer 38

grey matter

Question 39

groups of axons and outside brain and spinal cord

Answer 39

nerves

Question 40

groups of cell bodies outside brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

ganglia (plural) ganglion (singular)