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Science, Technology, Society > Unit 1: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is science?

A
  • a body of knowledge
  • an intellectual activity
  • a personal and social activity
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2
Q

What is technology?

A
  • artifacts
  • a technique
  • a personal and social activity
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3
Q

The earliest known technology

A

Stone Tools

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4
Q

Where did the Agricultural Revolution begin?

A

Middle East

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5
Q

This led to the development of towns

A

Agricultural Revolution

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6
Q

What were developed (4) during the Agricultural Revolution?

A
  • Use of copper, bronze, and iron
  • Ceramics
  • Wheels
  • Writing
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7
Q

A period dominated by the Greek and Roman civilizations, during which the current concept of science began

A

Classical Antiquity

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8
Q

This school introduced the earliest form of scientific method which is based on reasoning and observation

A

Ionian School of Philosophy

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9
Q

He is known for his method of inquiry called elenchus

A

Socrates
(470 - 399 BC)

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10
Q

A method of inquiry wherein a problem must be broken down into a series of questions that need to be answered

A

Elenchus

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11
Q

He was a student of Socrates, believing that all substances are made up of the 4 basic elements

A

Plato
(427 - 347 BC)

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12
Q

He always emphasized the concept of proof and a concrete, clear hypothesis

A

Plato
(427 - 347 BC)

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13
Q

He was a student of Plato, known for his deductive method of scientific inquiry

A

Aristotle
(384 - 322 BC)

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14
Q

The center of scientific knowledge

A

Alexandria, Egypt

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15
Q

A medical text about ancient surgical methods and is one of the first important scientific texts from Africa

A

Edwin Smith Papyrus

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16
Q

The greatest construction achievement of China during the Classical Antiquity

A

Great Wall
(220 - 206 BC)

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17
Q

Around 530 AD (Middle Ages), science and technology declined due to […]

A
  • wars, famine, disease, piracy, poverty
  • rise of Christianity
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18
Q

During the Middle Ages, the center of science and technology moved from Europe to […]

A

China

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19
Q

During the Middle Ages, […] is well-advanced in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. They discovered the importance of zero in mathematics

A

India

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20
Q

During the Middle Ages, […] developed astronomical tables, new chemicals, new medicinal instruments, and humane treatments

A

Islamic Civilization

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21
Q

During the Middle Ages, science was revived in Europe by […]

A

Emperor Charlemagne

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22
Q

At the latter part of the Middle Ages, the […] started

Study These Flashcards
A

Age of Discovery and Exploration

23
Q

The 2 most important advancements in science and technology during the Age of Discovery and Exploration

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ships that can withstand long voyages
  • compass
24
Q

During the Modern Age, many artists also became scientists such as […]

Study These Flashcards
A

Leonardo Da Vinci

25
A cultural movement based on humanism
Renaissance
26
In the latter part of the Renaissance, the [...] emerged
Scientific Revolution
27
2 notable members of England's Royal Society
- Sir Isaac Newton - Benjamin Franklin
28
An astronomer who became the center of controversy due to a heliocentric view of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
29
A shift from the geocentric view of the universe to a heliocentric view
Copernican Revolution
30
The leading figure of the Scientific Revolution
Galileo Galilei
31
He introduced experimentation using the scientific method, and his works led to the development of modern science
Galileo Galilei
32
A period emphasizing logic and reasoning; A shift from the Renaissance
Age of Enlightenment
33
The leading figure of the Age of Enlightenment
Sir Isaac Newton
34
Newton's work establishing the foundations of modern-day physics
Principia
35
He invented the steam engine in 1765, paving the way for the Industrial Revolution
James Watt
36
A theory made during the Industrial Revolution considered a milestone in the field of biology
Theory of Evolution - Charles Darwin - Alfred Wallace
37
When was plastics invented?
1940s and 1950s
38
When was the structure of DNA discovered?
1953
39
The invention of this pesticide led to a new agricultural revolution
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
40
This movement emerged as society's response to the negative effects of DDT on the environment
Environmentalism
41
The development of computers and other digital technologies paved the way for the [...] or the [...]
- Digital Revolution - Information Age
42
By [...], Filipinos have developed good shipbuilding technology for use in fishing, trade, and transportation
1000 AD
43
By [...], Spaniards observed that some Filipino communities know artillery
16th century
44
3 of the Filipino scientists who studied in Europe
- Anacleto del Rosaria - Leon Ma. Guerrero - Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
45
As the Spanish regime ended, only these two science professions were relatively more developed
- medicine - pharmacy
46
2 of the universities established under the American colonization
- University of the Philippines - Philippine Normal College
47
A group of Americans who taught in universities in the Philippines
Thomasites
48
When was the Bureau of Science established?
1905
49
The main research facility in the Philippines until World War II
Bureau of Science
50
In 1906, the [...] was established to report scientific findings and observations
Philippine Journal of Science
51
This was established by the Philippine Legislature in 1933 to promote scientific research in the Philippines
National Research Council of the Philippines
52
In 1947, the Bureau of Science was replaced by the [...]
Institute of Science
53
In 1952, the [...] was established to promote science among Filipinos
Science Foundation of the Philippines
54
4 key reasons for the sudden decline of science and technology in the Philippines in 1957
- lack of government support - many excellent scientists have died or went abroad - low morale among local scientists - low awareness of the general public about science

Science, Technology, Society (7 decks)

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