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science, technology, society > Unit 1: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology Flashcards

1
Q

What is science?

A
  • a body of knowledge
  • an intellectual activity
  • a personal and social activity
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2
Q

What is technology?

A
  • artifacts
  • a technique
  • a personal and social activity
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3
Q

The earliest known technology

A

Stone Tools

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4
Q

Where did the Agricultural Revolution begin?

A

Middle East

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5
Q

This led to the development of towns

A

Agricultural Revolution

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6
Q

What were developed (4) during the Agricultural Revolution?

A
  • Use of copper, bronze, and iron
  • Ceramics
  • Wheels
  • Writing
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7
Q

A period dominated by the Greek and Roman civilizations, during which the current concept of science began

A

Classical Antiquity

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8
Q

This school introduced the earliest form of scientific method which is based on reasoning and observation

A

Ionian School of Philosophy

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9
Q

He is known for his method of inquiry called elenchus

A

Socrates
(470 - 399 BC)

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10
Q

A method of inquiry wherein a problem must be broken down into a series of questions that need to be answered

A

Elenchus

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11
Q

He was a student of Socrates, believing that all substances are made up of the 4 basic elements

A

Plato
(427 - 347 BC)

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12
Q

He always emphasized the concept of proof and a concrete, clear hypothesis

A

Plato
(427 - 347 BC)

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13
Q

He was a student of Plato, known for his deductive method of scientific inquiry

A

Aristotle
(384 - 322 BC)

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14
Q

The center of scientific knowledge

A

Alexandria, Egypt

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15
Q

A medical text about ancient surgical methods and is one of the first important scientific texts from Africa

A

Edwin Smith Papyrus

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16
Q

The greatest construction achievement of China during the Classical Antiquity

A

Great Wall
(220 - 206 BC)

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17
Q

Around 530 AD (Middle Ages), science and technology declined due to […]

A
  • wars, famine, disease, piracy, poverty
  • rise of Christianity
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18
Q

During the Middle Ages, the center of science and technology moved from Europe to […]

A

China

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19
Q

During the Middle Ages, […] is well-advanced in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy. They discovered the importance of zero in mathematics

A

India

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20
Q

During the Middle Ages, […] developed astronomical tables, new chemicals, new medicinal instruments, and humane treatments

A

Islamic Civilization

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21
Q

During the Middle Ages, science was revived in Europe by […]

A

Emperor Charlemagne

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22
Q

At the latter part of the Middle Ages, the […] started

A

Age of Discovery and Exploration

23
Q

The 2 most important advancements in science and technology during the Age of Discovery and Exploration

A
  • ships that can withstand long voyages
  • compass
24
Q

During the Modern Age, many artists also became scientists such as […]

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

25
Q

A cultural movement based on humanism

A

Renaissance

26
Q

In the latter part of the Renaissance, the […] emerged

A

Scientific Revolution

27
Q

2 notable members of England’s Royal Society

A
  • Sir Isaac Newton
  • Benjamin Franklin
28
Q

An astronomer who became the center of controversy due to a heliocentric view of the universe

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

29
Q

A shift from the geocentric view of the universe to a heliocentric view

A

Copernican Revolution

30
Q

The leading figure of the Scientific Revolution

A

Galileo Galilei

31
Q

He introduced experimentation using the scientific method, and his works led to the development of modern science

A

Galileo Galilei

32
Q

A period emphasizing logic and reasoning; A shift from the Renaissance

A

Age of Enlightenment

33
Q

The leading figure of the Age of Enlightenment

A

Sir Isaac Newton

34
Q

Newton’s work establishing the foundations of modern-day physics

A

Principia

35
Q

He invented the steam engine in 1765, paving the way for the Industrial Revolution

A

James Watt

36
Q

A theory made during the Industrial Revolution considered a milestone in the field of biology

A

Theory of Evolution
- Charles Darwin
- Alfred Wallace

37
Q

When was plastics invented?

A

1940s and 1950s

38
Q

When was the structure of DNA discovered?

A

1953

39
Q

The invention of this pesticide led to a new agricultural revolution

A

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)

40
Q

This movement emerged as society’s response to the negative effects of DDT on the environment

A

Environmentalism

41
Q

The development of computers and other digital technologies paved the way for the […] or the […]

A
  • Digital Revolution
  • Information Age
42
Q

By […], Filipinos have developed good shipbuilding technology for use in fishing, trade, and transportation

A

1000 AD

43
Q

By […], Spaniards observed that some Filipino communities know artillery

A

16th century

44
Q

3 of the Filipino scientists who studied in Europe

A
  • Anacleto del Rosaria
  • Leon Ma. Guerrero
  • Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
45
Q

As the Spanish regime ended, only these two science professions were relatively more developed

A
  • medicine
  • pharmacy
46
Q

2 of the universities established under the American colonization

A
  • University of the Philippines
  • Philippine Normal College
47
Q

A group of Americans who taught in universities in the Philippines

A

Thomasites

48
Q

When was the Bureau of Science established?

A

1905

49
Q

The main research facility in the Philippines until World War II

A

Bureau of Science

50
Q

In 1906, the […] was established to report scientific findings and observations

A

Philippine Journal of Science

51
Q

This was established by the Philippine Legislature in 1933 to promote scientific research in the Philippines

A

National Research Council of the Philippines

52
Q

In 1947, the Bureau of Science was replaced by the […]

A

Institute of Science

53
Q

In 1952, the […] was established to promote science among Filipinos

A

Science Foundation of the Philippines

54
Q

4 key reasons for the sudden decline of science and technology in the Philippines in 1957

A
  • lack of government support
  • many excellent scientists have died or went abroad
  • low morale among local scientists
  • low awareness of the general public about science

science, technology, society (7 decks)

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