Unit #1- Homeostasis

Question 0

How is Nitrogenous Waste formed?

Answer 0

Protein (food), excess amino acids, ammonia, urea (ammonia + carbon dioxide), urine

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

The tendency of an organism to regulate it’s internal conditions, regardless of the outside changing conditions. It is usually accomplished by a system of feedback controls.

Question 2

What do kidney’s do?

Answer 2

Remove chemical waste products from our blood plasma

Question 3

What are Nephrons?

Answer 3

The cleaning units of the kidney

Question 4

How does plasma travel into urine through the Nephron?

Answer 4

Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule,
loop of Henle, distal tubules, collecting duct

Question 5

What is Active Transport?

Answer 5

Movement across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Energy is needed for this to happen.

Question 6

What is Passive Transport/Diffusion?

Answer 6

Movement across a membrane from and area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 7

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 7

• Inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet cells.
• causes increased blood glucose levels
• glucose “sucks” water into nephrons

Question 8

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 8

• Water reabsorption hormone ADH made in the hypothalamus is absent
• urine output increases dramatically since water remains in the nephrons

Question 9

What is Bright’s Disease/Nephritis?

Answer 9

• inflammation of the nephrons
• tiny bold vessels of the glomerulus are destroyed allowing proteins into the nephron
• protein “sucks” water into the nephron increasing urine output

Question 10

What are Kidney Stones?

Answer 10

-caused by the precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood (calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate)

Question 11

What are the 3 functional components of a Homeostatic Control System?

Answer 11

• Monitor - watched for fluctuations in “normal” levels
• Coordinating Centre -responds to the changes in “normal” levels
• Regulator - changes levels to normal

Question 12

What are hormones?

Answer 12

• help maintain homeostasis
• chemical regulators that are made up of proteins or lipids
• produced in endocrine gland

Question 13

What is the hormone that is released to regulate the increase of H2O in the blood?

Answer 13

ADH - causes the walls to be more permeable to H2O

Question 14

What are the 3 main things that affect blood pressure?

Answer 14

• blood volume
• the diameter of the blood vessel
• heart rate

Question 15

What is the monitor for LOW blood pressure?

Answer 15

Juxtaglomerular apparatus - found near glomerulus

Question 16

What enzyme is released to regulate low blood pressure?

Answer 16

Renin

Question 17

What does Renin do?

Answer 17

It converts Angiotensinogen (a plasma protein) into Angiotensin.

Question 18

What are the 2 functions of Angiotensin?

Answer 18

• causes blood vessels to constrict resulting in a rise in blood pressure
• stimulates the release of Aldosterone from the cortex of the Adrenal Gland

Question 19

What does the hormone Aldosterone do?

Answer 19

-increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules and the collecting ducts

Question 20

What is a buffer?

Answer 20

A mixture of chemicals that can neutralize small amounts of acid or base that may be added to the blood.