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A&P 1 > Unit 1 introduction into the human body > Flashcards

Unit 1 introduction into the human body Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structures

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

study of larger structures

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3
Q

Regional anatomy

A

all anatomy in that specific region

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4
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

structures observed through a miscroscope

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5
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

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6
Q

Hystology

A

study of tissues

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7
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

study of structures of major organ systems

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8
Q

Cell Physiology

A

is the study of the chemistry and physics and the function of living cells

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9
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the body functions

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10
Q

What are the 5 key components necessary for life

A

Responsiveness, growth, reproduction, movement, metabolism

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11
Q

Responsiveness

A

ability to adjust to the change in environment

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12
Q

Growth

A

increase in body size

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13
Q

Reproduction

A

formation of new organism generated by their parent organism

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14
Q

Movement

A

actions of the joints of the body and the motion of individual organs and individual cells.

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15
Q

Metabolism

A

The consumption of food and the subsequent conversion into energy

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16
Q

What are the two parts of metabolism

A

anabolism and catabolism

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17
Q

Anabolism

A

the process where smaller, simpler molecules are combined into larger, more complex substances. Requires energy

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18
Q

Catabolism

A

process where large more complex substances are broken down into smaller simpler molecules. Releases energy.

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19
Q

What is the largest component of the cells, blood and fluid

A

water

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

steady state of the body, if we get to far away we die.

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21
Q

Pressure

A

the force exerted by a substance that is in contact with another substance.

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22
Q

Pathophysiology

A

study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.

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23
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of general form and superficial markings

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24
Q

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

A

body’s main source of energy. made by oxygen.

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25
Macro
means large, needs more, energy yielding. we gain energy by eating. ex: carbs, lipids and proteins .
26
Micro
small, needs smaller amounts, do not yield energy. ex: vitamins and minerals.
27
Temperature
maintain 98.6 or 37C
28
Atmospheric pressure
nitrogen and oxygen.
29
Atmospheric
pressure exerted by mixture of gases.
30
Higher the elevation
lower the pressure and harder to breathe
31
Higher the pressure
easier to breathe
32
X-rays
form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases. Best used for bones and teeth. High energy radiation can lead to cancer and damaging of cells
33
CT or computed tomography
uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures. Higher radiation than X-ray
34
MRI
noninvasive medical imaging technique based on nuclear physics. Higher cost and patient discomfort. Patient enclosed in metal tube.
35
PET
radiopharmaceuticlessubstances that emit radiation that is short lived and relatively safe. Can illustrate physiologic activity including nutrient metabolism and blood flow of the organ or organs being targeted. Diagnoses heart disease, spread of cancer, infections, brain abnormalities, bone disease and thyroid disease.
36
Ulrtasound
uses high frequency sound waves into the body to generate an echo signal that is converted by computer to see real time images. least invasive.
37
Developmental anatomy
study of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adult
38
6 levels of organization in order
Chemical (smallest), cellular level, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
39
Chemical level
protons, neutrons, electrons, atoms, molecule and macromolecule.
40
Sub atomic particles
smallest structure in chemical level. they make up the atom
41
Atom
is the smallest unit of any element.
42
Element
is a pure substance
43
Molecule
Two or more atoms combine via chemical bond
44
Macromolecules
large molecules that are important to life. Molecules come together to make these.
45
Cellular level
molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of the body
46
Organelle
smallest structure of cellular level. they preform specific jobs
47
Cell
are the smallest living unit and can preform all requirements of life. aka Cyte
48
Tissue level
community of similar cells form this.
49
4 types of tissue
connective, epithelial, muscle, nerve
50
Organ level
two or more different tissues working together to preform a specific function. ex heart and brain
51
How many organ systems and what are they
11, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive (male and female)
52
Organism
largest part, is a living being that has a cellular structure that can independently preform all physiologic functions necessary for life.
53
Integumentary system
hair, skin, nails, protect against environmental hazards, controls body temp
54
Skeletal system
cartilage, bones, joints, provides support, protect tissues, store minerals and help in formation of blood cells
55
Muscular system
skeletal muscles, tendons, cardiac, smooth. provide movement, protection, support for other tissues. Also helps to produce heat.
56
Nervous system
brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves. Direct immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordination the activities of other organ systems. Provides and interprets sensory information.
57
Endocrine system
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes/overies. direct longterm changes in activities of other organ system via hormones.
58
Circulatory system
heart, blood vessels. Transport cells and dissolve materials including nutrients, wastes, oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
59
Lymphatic system
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels. Defend against infection and help return tissue fluid to the blood stream.
60
Respitory system
Nasal, passage, trachea, lungs. To deliver air to sites in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and blood stream and helps produce sound for communication.
61
Digestive system
liver, stomach, large intestine, small intestine. Process food and absorb nutrients.
62
Urinary system
Kidneys and bladder. Excrete waste and waste products from blood and also helps control water balance.
63
Reproductive
ovaries and testies, produce sex cells, as well as sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen/progesterone.
64
A system responsible for secreting hormones that help regulate various bodily processes
Endocrine
65
Set point
the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. Ideal value
66
Normal range
restricted set value that is stable and helpful
67
Sensor/receptor
component of a feedback system that monitors a value
68
Positive feedback
feedback intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition rather than reversing it. likes change, doesn't want to stay normal
69
Negative feedback
doesn't like change, feels negative towards change. Effectors bring back to normal change
70
Effectors
Component of the feedback system that causes the change.
71
Positive feedback examples
lactation, blood clotting, childbirth
72
Negative feedback examples
blood glucose regulation, erythropoiesis, thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation.
73
If the effector is pushing you further from Homeostasis then what feedback system are you in?
Positive
74
If the effector is bringing you back to homeostasis then what feedback system are you in?
Negative
75
Control center
brains of the operation, receives the stimulus from the receptor then sends the message to the effectors.

A&P 1 (5 decks)

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