Unit 1: Introduction to Terminology and Anatomical Terms Flashcards
(29 cards)
Anatomy
the study of the structure and function of the human body; it is one of the oldest basic medical sciences, dating back to ancient Egypt
Kinesiology
the study of the body in motion
Physiology
the medical science that studies the chemical and physical processes of body function
Dance Science
anatomical and kinesiological principles and concepts as applied to the study of dance; this also includes understanding some physiological processes as it relates to the health of the dancer
Dance Somatics
the integration of mind and body; the study of how neuromuscular coordination affects movement quality on a fundamental level.
Skeletal System
The mobile framework of bones that provides rigid support for the body
What are the two parts of the skeleton?
Axial – skull, vertebral column, sternum & ribs
Appendicular – shoulder, arms, pelvis, & legs
Muscular System
Collective muscle fibers that contract to move body parts, including organs
What are the 3 types of muscles?
Skeletal – moves bones and other structures
Cardiac – heart movement
Smooth – internal organ and vessels
Nervous System
The complex nerve systems of the body that enable the body to react to continuous changes in its internal and external environments. The nervous system controls and integrates the various body activities.
The structure of the nervous system has 2 parts. What are they?
1) Central Nervous System (CNS)– brain & spinal cord.
2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – nerves in the limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the brain.
What are the two functional components of the nervous system?
Somatic & Autonomic
Describe the somatic component of the nervous system
composed of somatic parts of the CNS & PNS and provides sensory and motor innervations (connections) to all parts of the body except some internal organs.
The somatic nervous system transmits touch, pain, temperature & position.
The somatic nervous system permits voluntary and reflexive body movements from contraction of skeletal muscles.
Describe the autonomic component of the nervous system and two parts of it
Fibers that innervate (connect) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. There are 2 parts to the autonomic nervous system:
Sympathetic – enables body to deal with stress: “fight or flight response”
Parasympathetic - provides homeostasis or balance to the body processes
Body Alignment
A general term describing the position of the body in space and the relationship between the joints.
Plumb Line
An imaginary line that follows nature’s law of gravity and enables one to measure variable and relative positions.
Sagittal Plane
this is the plane (front to back) that passes through the body dividing it in right and left halves from top to bottom (black plane in picture to left)
Coronal Plane
this is the vertical plane (up & down) that passes through the body dividing it into front and back halves from top to bottom This is also called the Frontal Plane. (gray plane in picture to left)
Horizontal Plane
this is the horizontal plane (side to side) that divides the body into upper and lower halves. This is also called the Transverse Plane. (Pink plane in picture to left)
Describe with examples:
- Superior and Inferior
- Anterior and Posterior
- Medial and Lateral
- Proximal and Distal
- Superficial and Deep
- Superior (nearer to the head) & Inferior (nearer to the feet)
- Ex. - The shoulder is superior to the knee. - Anterior (nearer to the front) & Posterior (nearer to the back)
- Ex. - The toes are anterior to the heels. - Medial(nearer to the middle) & Lateral (away from the middle)
- Ex. - The big toe is on the medial side of the foot. - Proximal (nearer to the trunk) & Distal (farther from the trunk) - Ex. - The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
- Superficial (nearer to or on the surface) & Deep (farther from the surface)
- Ex. - The muscles of the upper leg are superficial to its bone (the femur).
Ipsilateral
on the same side of the body
Ex. - The left elbow and left knee are ipsilateral.
Contralateral
on the opposite side of the body
Ex. - The right hand and the left knee are contralateral.
Combined Terms
two terms can be combined to indicate a direction.
Ex. - inferiomedial means toward the feet and toward the middle, in a diagonal direction.
Center of Gravity (COG)
that point about which all parts exactly balance each other. The COG is the point of integration between the upper and lower halves of the body; in the pelvis just in front of the upper part of the sacrum at about 55% of the height of the individual.
