Unit 3: The Spine

Question 1

What is the “trunk” made up of?

Answer 1

The spine, rib cage, breathing apparatus, and pelvis

Question 2

What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 2

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Question 3

Cervical

Answer 3

7 cervical vertebra at the superior(top) part of the spine

Question 4

Thoracic

Answer 4

12 vertebra that form the middle of the spine. It attaches to 12 pairs of ribs

Question 5

Lumbar

Answer 5

5 vertebra that are the lower part of the spin and primary weight bearers

Question 6

Sacrum

Answer 6

5 fused bones that make up the trianular bone at the base of the spine

Question 7

Coccyx

Answer 7

3-4 small bones that make up the tail bone at the lower tip of the spine

Question 8

How are the vertebra named?

Answer 8

The vertebra are named according to the section and number. Ex: the 7th cervical vertebra is called C7. The 2nd lumbar vertebra is L2.

Question 9

What are the 2 bony structures of each vertebrae?

Answer 9

The Body: the larger anterior section

The Vertebral Arch- the posterior section

Question 10

What are the two sections of the vertebral arch?

Answer 10

Pedicles- small bony pieces that connect the arch to the body of the vertebra

Lamina- these join posteriorly to form the spinous process

Question 11

Where are Articular Facets located?

Answer 11

between the pedicles and lamina. They are both superior and inferior on the vertebra

Question 12

What are Transverse Processes?

Answer 12

Facets that project laterally

Question 13

Vertebral Foramen?

Answer 13

The opening between the boy of the vertebra and the vertebral arch. When the vertebra are stacked this forms the vertebra canal in which the spinal cord is housed.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the Intervertebral Disc?

Answer 14

It is designed for weight bearing and provides strength for the spine

Question 15

What is the internal portion of the Intervertebral disc? What is the outer layer called?

Answer 15

Internal: Nucleus Pulposus

Outer: Annulus Fibrosis

Question 16

What do the Anterior and Posterior Longitundal Ligaments do?

Answer 16

• contribute to mobility control and add stability to the spine
• Long ligaments that run the length of the spine in front and in back and serves “check” strips for motion

Question 17

What are the 4 primary motions of the spine?

Answer 17

Flexion, Extension, Side Bending, and Rotation

Question 18

What is “Flexion” in relation to the spine?

Answer 18

Forward bending of the spine that occurs in the sagittal plane

Question 19

What “Extension” in relation to the spine?

Answer 19

Backward bending of the spine that occurs in the sagittal plane

Question 20

What is “Side Bending” in relation to the spine?

Answer 20

The right or left bending of the spine that occurs in the frontal plane

Question 21

What is “Rotation” in relation to the spine?

Answer 21

the turning of the spine to the right to left on the central axis of the body. There is more rotation in the cervical and thoracic spine than in the lumbar

Question 22

What are the 2 primary groups of muscles in the back?

Answer 22

1. Extrinsic back muscles and Intermediate back muscles

2. Deep or Intrinsic back muscles

Question 23

What are the Extrinsic Back Muscles?

Answer 23

The superficial and intermediate muscles the produce and control limb and respiratory movement

Question 24

Give examples of the Extrinsic Back Muscles

Answer 24

Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae, and Rhomboids

Question 25

What are the Deep or Intrinsic Back Muscles?

Answer 25

Deeper muscles that act maintain postural control and actually move the vertebral column

Question 26

Name the superficial intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 26

Iliocostalis – the lateral most column Longissimus – the middle column Spinalis – the medial most column; lines up by spinous processes

Question 27

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Answer 27

Muscles connected superficially by a broad tendon that attaches the the ilia and the sacrum

Question 28

Name the deep intrinsic muscles of the back

Answer 28

Semispinalis – superficial Multifidi – deeper Rotatores – the deepest layer

Question 29

Name the superficial back muscles

Answer 29

trapezius, lattissimus, levator scapulae, rhomboids

Question 30

Describe the Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 30

- impacts spine movement - located between the lowest typical rib and the top of the ilia - function to hike your hip

Question 31

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 31

This is the central-most muscle which has striations across it.

Question 32

External Oblique and Internal Oblique

Answer 32

- lie laterally on the chest and are angled from outside to middle from above, and from outside to middle from below. - They form a shape like an "x" across the abdomen.

Question 33

Transverse Abdominis

Answer 33

The deepest abdominal muscles. It is located between the ribs and the top of the pelvis beneath the other abdominal muscles

Question 34

What are the anterior muscles of the spine?

Answer 34

1. Rectus Abdominis 2. External Oblique & Internal Oblique 3. Transverse Abdominus