Unit 1 Jacaranda

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

Define the term ‘research methods’ in psychology.

Answer 2

Techniques used to investigate phenomena and acquire new knowledge.

Question 3

True or False: Psychology only studies observable behavior.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

What are the two main branches of psychology?

Answer 4

Research psychology and applied psychology.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structured way of investigating questions about behavior and mental processes.

Answer 5

scientific method

Question 6

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 6

A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

Question 7

List one advantage of using surveys in psychological research.

Answer 7

They can gather data from a large number of respondents quickly.

Question 8

What is the purpose of an experiment in psychology?

Answer 8

To establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Question 9

True or False: A control group is exposed to the experimental treatment.

Answer 9

False.

Question 10

What does ‘operational definition’ mean?

Answer 10

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.

Question 11

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Answer 11

Qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data.

Question 12

What does the term ‘population’ refer to in research?

Answer 12

The entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying.

Question 13

Define ‘sample’ in the context of research.

Answer 13

A subset of individuals selected from a population.

Question 14

What is a case study?

Answer 14

An in-depth examination of a single individual or group.

Question 15

True or False: Correlation implies causation.

Answer 15

False.

Question 16

What is the purpose of a literature review?

Answer 16

To summarize existing research and identify gaps in knowledge.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: __________ is the ethical principle that requires researchers to obtain informed consent from participants.

Answer 17

Respect for persons

Question 18

What are the four main ethical principles in psychological research?

Answer 18

Respect for persons, beneficence, justice, and integrity.

Question 19

What is the role of a debriefing?

Answer 19

To inform participants about the study’s purpose and any deception used.

Question 20

Define ‘neuroscience’.

Answer 20

The study of the nervous system and its role in behavior and mental processes.

Question 21

What is the function of the central nervous system?

Answer 21

To process and transmit information throughout the body.

Question 22

True or False: The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

What are neurons?

Answer 23

The basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit information.

Question 24

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 24

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The __________ lobe is responsible for processing auditory information.

Answer 25

temporal

Question 26

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 26

Involved in reasoning, planning, problem-solving, and emotional regulation.

Question 27

Define 'plasticity' in the context of the brain.

Answer 27

The brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience.

Question 28

What is the role of the limbic system?

Answer 28

It is involved in emotion, memory, and motivation.

Question 29

True or False: The cerebellum is responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Answer 29

False.

Question 30

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

Regulates vital bodily functions, including temperature and hunger.

Question 31

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 31

Processing visual information.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The __________ acts as a relay station for sensory information.

Answer 32

thalamus

Question 33

What is the significance of the corpus callosum?

Answer 33

It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Question 34

Define 'sensation'.

Answer 34

The process of receiving and interpreting sensory information.

Question 35

True or False: Perception is the same as sensation.

Answer 35

False.

Question 36

What is the difference between absolute threshold and difference threshold?

Answer 36

Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulus needed to detect a stimulus, while difference threshold is the smallest change in stimulation that can be detected.

Question 37

What is the role of the retina?

Answer 37

To convert light into neural signals for visual processing.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The __________ theory explains how we perceive colors.

Answer 38

trichromatic

Question 39

What is the function of the cochlea?

Answer 39

To transform sound vibrations into neural signals.

Question 40

What is the vestibular system responsible for?

Answer 40

Maintaining balance and spatial orientation.

Question 41

True or False: Taste and smell are closely related senses.

Answer 41

True.

Question 42

Define 'learning' in psychology.

Answer 42

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.

Question 43

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 43

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: In operant conditioning, __________ reinforces behavior.

Answer 44

reinforcement

Question 45

What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

Answer 45

Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase behavior.

Question 46

True or False: Punishment always decreases behavior.

Answer 46

True.

Question 47

What is observational learning?

Answer 47

Learning that occurs by watching others and imitating their behavior.

Question 48

What is the role of cognitive processes in learning?

Answer 48

They influence how individuals perceive, process, and retain information.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: __________ is the memory system that holds information for a brief period.

Answer 49

Short-term memory

Question 50

What is long-term memory?

Answer 50

The memory system that stores information indefinitely.

Question 51

Define 'retrieval' in the context of memory.

Answer 51

The process of accessing and bringing into consciousness information stored in memory.

Question 52

True or False: Memory is a static process.

Answer 52

False.

Question 53

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 53

The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

Question 54

What is the role of schemas in memory?

Answer 54

Schemas are cognitive frameworks that help organize and interpret information.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: __________ interference occurs when new information disrupts the recall of old information.

Answer 55

Retroactive

Question 56

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 56

Involved in processing emotions and forming emotional memories.

Question 57

What does the term 'emotional intelligence' refer to?

Answer 57

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Question 58

True or False: Emotions are purely biological responses.

Answer 58

False.

Question 59

What are the primary emotions identified by psychologists?

Answer 59

Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust.

Question 60

Define 'motivation'.

Answer 60

The process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Question 61

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 61

Motivation driven by internal rewards and personal satisfaction.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: __________ theory suggests that motivation is influenced by the desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal.

Answer 62

Arousal

Question 63

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Answer 63

A theory that categorizes human needs into a five-tier model, from physiological needs to self-actualization.

Question 64

True or False: Self-actualization is the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy.

Answer 64

False.

Question 65

What does 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?

Answer 65

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs or values.

Question 66

What is the difference between an attitude and a belief?

Answer 66

An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of something, while a belief is an acceptance that something is true.

Question 67

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of changing one's behavior to match social norms.

Answer 67

Conformity

Question 68

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 68

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present.

Question 69

True or False: Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony over critical thinking.

Answer 69

True.