Unit 1 - KA7 - Evolution Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1 - KA7 - Evolution Deck (17)
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1
Q

Changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations.

A

Evolution

2
Q

Exchange of genetic material

A

Gene transfer

3
Q

Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material in this way and viruses and prokaryotes can transfer genetic sequences into the genome of eukaryotes.

A

Horizontal gene transfer

4
Q

Genetic information is passed from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction

A

Vertical inheritance / Gene transfer

5
Q

Non-random increase in frequency of DNA sequences that increase survival.

A

Natural Selection

6
Q

Non-random increase in frequency of DNA sequences that increase reproduction

A

Sexual selection

7
Q

This type of selection favours the middle characteristics in a range of variation

A

Stabalising selection

8
Q

Favours an extreme characteristic away from the middle.

A

Directional selection

9
Q

Favours two extreme characteristics at the expense of the middle.

A

Disruptive selection

10
Q

Gene frequency changes by mutation but the effect on the phenotype is minor and gives no change or selective advantage.

A

Neutral mutation - a type of missense

11
Q

Occurs by chance, a new colonising population has different gene frequencies from the original population (less diverse)

A

Founder effect (old Higher)

12
Q

Caused by a phenotype which increases the chances of survival

A

Selective advantage

13
Q

The generation of a new biological species as a result of isolation, mutation and selection

A

Speciation

14
Q

Isolation occurs due to geographical barriers such as mountains or oceans. This stops the gene flow between populations

A

Allopatric speciation

15
Q

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

16
Q

Isolation occurs when gene flow is stopped by ecological or behavioural barriers.

A

Sympatric speciation

17
Q

Region in which frequent interbreeding between two species occurs

A

Hybrid zone (old Higher)