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Microbiology (BIOL 286) > Unit 1--Lecture 1 (History of Microbiology) > Flashcards

Unit 1--Lecture 1 (History of Microbiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiology

A

Study of small living things

Working Definition: Study of entities too small to be seen with the unaided human eye

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

Enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions

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3
Q

Reproduction

A

Progeny formed sexually or asexually

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4
Q

Differentiation

A

Different cell types can occur

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5
Q

Communication

A

Signaling within and between cells

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6
Q

Locomotion

A

Relative movement of cell or organism

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7
Q

Evolution

A

Genetic change over time

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8
Q

Bacteriology

A

Study of prokaryotes

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9
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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10
Q

Phycology

A

Study of algae

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11
Q

Protozoology

A

Study of protozoa

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12
Q

Virology

A

Study of viruses

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13
Q

Immunology

A

Study of the immune system

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14
Q

Parasitology

A

Study of parasites and their hosts

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15
Q

Robert Hooke

A

May have been the first to see microorganisms

Coined the word “cell”

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16
Q

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A

First person to accurately describe living microbes

Used a simple microscope

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17
Q

Biogenesis

A

Living things originate from other living things

18
Q

Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis)

A

Life rapidly appears from non-living things

19
Q

Aristotle

A

Favored spontaneous generation

20
Q

Francesco Redi

A

Dishes of meat filled with maggots

Disproved spontaneous generation of maggots

21
Q

Louis Joblot

A

Boiled hay infusions

Concluded that contamination came from outside of the container (dust)

22
Q

John Needham

A

Boiled chicken broth

Argued that the growth indicated spontaneous generation (caused confusion)

Flasks must have been contaminated

23
Q

Lazzaro Spallanzani

A

Repeated Needham’s experiment

Argued that Needham must have contaminated his flasks

24
Q

Franz Schulze & Theodor Schwann

A

Treated incoming gas with heat or chemicals

No growth observed in boiled broth media

25
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Used swan-necked flasks

No growth in undisturbed flasks

Contacting the broth with dust results in microbial growth

26
Q

John Tyndall

A

Described heat-resistant microbes from hay infusions

Used discontinuous heating to sterilize

27
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovered and described endospores in soil bacteria

28
Q

Endospores

A

Heat-resistant cells (can survive boiling)

29
Q

Oliver Wendell Holmes

A

Observed apparent spread of puerperal fever (Streptococcus) by health care providers

30
Q

Ignatz Semmelweiss

A

Severe puerperal fever outbreak in hospital

Forced hand washing by all with chlorinated lime solutions

Reduced incidence

31
Q

John Snow

A

Cholera outbreak

Tracked source to contaminated drinking water

Epidemiology

32
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Heated wine to kill microbes

Advent of pasteurization

Beginning of the germ theory of disease

33
Q

Pasteurization

A

Heating, not boiling, to reduce number of microbes

Not sterile

34
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Applied germ theory to the treatment and prevention of disease

Used carbolic acid (phenol) to clean hands, wounds, and operating rooms

Reduced infections

Antisepsis and disinfection

35
Q

Robert Koch

A

Described several postulates fro proving the etiological (causative) agent of disease

Further developed germ theory of disease

36
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. The suspected pathogenic organism should be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals
  2. The suspected organism should be grown in pure culture
  3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected organism should cause disease in a healthy animal
  4. The organism should be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original
37
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classifying living things

38
Q

Carl von Linne

A

Began systematically classifying living things

39
Q

Binomial designation

A

Two name designation given to every organism

Genus species

40
Q

Taxonomy hierarchy

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

41
Q

Five Kingdom Model (Robert Whittaker)

A
  1. Animals (helminths)
  2. Plants (algae)
  3. Fungi (microbes)
  4. Protists (microbes)
  5. Monera (microbes)
42
Q

Three Domains

A
  1. Archaea (all microbes)
  2. Bacteria (all microbes)
  3. Eukarya (some microbes)

Microbiology (BIOL 286) (36 decks)

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