Unit 1 List 2 Cell ENergy AJS Flashcards
(27 cards)
Autotroph
An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
Light Reactions
The reaction of something, especially the iris of the eye, to different intensities of light.
Chlorophyll
A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
Calvin Cycle
A process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.
Electron Transport Chain
A series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient
NADPH
Represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings
Mitochondria Matrix
The inner space surrounded by the mitochondrial inner membrane
Aerobic Respiration
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Fermentation
An anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even if oxygen is not available
NADP+
Hydride-accepting coenzymes that play essential roles in substrate oxidation reactions in metabolism.
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy.
Alcoholic Fermentation
The anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Pigment
Substances produced by living organisms that have a color
Granum
A coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells
Stomata
A pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange
Carbon Fixation
Is the process wherein photosynthetic organisms (such as plants) turn inorganic carbon into organic compounds (carbohydrates).
Heterotrophs
An organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients
Thylakoids
Tiny compartments found inside of chloroplasts
Carotenoids
Pigments in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
NADH
A universal coenzyme that plays a central role in cellular metabolism.
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).
Cellular Respiration
A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP
Krebs Cycle
A cyclic pathway of enzymatic reactions which oxidizes the compounds derived from glucose,
