Unit: 1 - neutralization reactions

Question 1

What is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 1

a neutralisation reaction is one in which a base reacts with an acid to form water. A salt is also formed in this reaction;

Question 2

What are the 3 main neutralization reactions that can be written?

Answer 2

equations can be written for the following neutralisation reactions:
a metal oxide + an acid → a salt + water;
a metal hydroxide + an acid → a salt + water;
a metal carbonate + an acid → a salt + water + carbon dioxide.

Question 3

What is the systemic naming for salts?

Answer 3

the name of the salt produced depends on the acid and base used:
hydrochloric acid produces chlorides;
sulfuric acid produces sulfates;
nitric acid produces nitrates.

Question 4

What are spectator ions, and how do reaction equations work with spectator ions?

Answer 4

spectator ions are ions that remain unchanged by the reaction;
reaction equations can be used to identify spectator ions;

Answer 5

for neutralisation reactions, equations can be written omitting spectator ions:
2H+ (aq) + O2‑ (s) → H2O (l) for metal oxides;
H+ (aq) + OH‑ (aq) → H2O (l) for metal hydroxides;
2H+ (aq) + CO3^2‑ (aq) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g) for aqueous metal carbonates;
2H+ (aq) + CO3^2‑ (s) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g) for insoluble metal carbonates.

Question 6

What can insoluble metal carbonates and oxides be used to produce?

Answer 6

insoluble metal carbonates and insoluble metal oxides can be used to produce soluble salts;

Question 7

What are the steps to make a soluble salt from an insoluble metal carbonate/oxide?

Answer 7

excess base is added to the appropriate acid, the mixture is filtered and the filtrate evaporated to dryness.

Question 8

What can titration be used to produce?

Answer 8

titration can be used to produce a soluble salt

Question 9

In acid-based titration, how do we accurately measure the volumes of acid or base?

Answer 9

in an acid-base titration, the concentration of the acid or base is determined by accurately measuring the volumes used in the neutralisation reaction

Question 10

Why do we use indicator in titration experiments?

Answer 10

an indicator can be added to show the end-point of the reaction

Question 11

What two formulas can be used with a balanced titration experiment data?

Answer 11

given a balanced equation for the reaction occurring in any titration:
- the concentration of one reactant can be calculated given the
concentration of the other reactant and the volumes of both
solutions;

 - the volume of one reactant can be calculated given the volume of 
   the other reactant and the concentrations of both solutions.

Question 12

After an experiment with titration, are we allowed to not use indicator or not?

Answer 12

once the volumes of acid and alkali have been noted, the reaction can be repeated without the indicator to produce an uncontaminated salt solution

Question 13

What can we do with the solution after?

Answer 13

the solution can then be evaporated to dryness