Unit 1 Notes

Question 1

What are the different types of migration?

Answer 1

Short term or long term, short or long distance.

Question 2

What is the name of the migration model?

Answer 2

Push and Pull Lee’s General Migration model.

Question 3

What is the first stage of the General migration model?

Answer 3

In someone’s place of origin, there will be a variety of factors - positive, negative or neutral.

Question 4

What is the second stage of the General migration model?

Answer 4

In the place where someone wants to move to, there are a variety of factors - positive, negative, neutral.

Question 5

What is the third stage of the General migration model?

Answer 5

If positive pull factors are strong, and negative push factors are strong, there will be a strong desire to migrate.

Question 6

What is the fourth stage of the General migration model?

Answer 6

If there is a desire to migrate, the decision will be taken by deciding if they can overcome the obstacles that are in the way.

Question 7

What is the Classification of migrants?

Answer 7

Voluntary or forced, temporary or permanent, National and International.

Question 8

What is Voluntary Migration?

Answer 8

Someone moves due to their own decisions and free will.

Question 9

What is Forced Migration?

Answer 9

Someone has to move through no fault of their own.

Question 10

What are the reasons for voluntary migration?

Answer 10

Better opportunity, Gap year, Different opportunities, Education.

Question 11

What are the reasons for forced migration?

Answer 11

War, Environmental disaster, discrimination, Deportation.

Question 12

What is Temporary Migration?

Answer 12

Migration which has a time limit.

Question 13

What is Permanent Migration?

Answer 13

Someone moves and has no plan to return to their original home.

Question 14

What are the reasons for temporary migration?

Answer 14

Education, Gap year, Temporary work.

Question 15

What are the reasons for Permanent Migration?

Answer 15

Natural Disasters.

Question 16

What was the number of International migrants in 2000?

Answer 16

173 Million.

Question 17

What was the number of International migrants in 2010?

Answer 17

222 Million.

Question 18

What was the number of International Migrants in 2015?

Answer 18

244 Million.

Question 19

What are the causes of International migration increasing?

Answer 19

Conflict, Increased Population, Cost of Living, Deportation, Work.

Question 20

What are the top 5 countries for immigration?

Answer 20

USA, UAE, Spain, Italy, UK.

Question 21

What are the top 5 countries for emigration?

Answer 21

India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, Mexico.

Question 22

What is Globalisation?

Answer 22

The process of increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies of the world.

Question 23

What does globalisation mean for communication and transport?

Answer 23

Better world wide communication, better transport and trade links.

Question 24

Which factors have increased globalisation?

Answer 24

Lower air travel costs, high speed rail, Growth of the Internet.

Question 25

What do some argue globalisation is creating?

Answer 25

A borderless world.

Question 26

How has globalisation changed the world?

Answer 26

People are able to move when looking for a job, money is moved globally, there has been a growth in world trade.

Question 27

How has transport infrastructure increased migration?

Answer 27

Accessibility, Lower Costs, Connectivity, Job opportunities, Urbanisation, Tourism, Trade and Commerce.

Question 28

How has transport infrastructure increased accessibility?

Answer 28

Highways, Railways, airports and seaports mean it's easier for people to travel long distances in shorter times.

Question 29

What type of migration does transport infrastructure increase?

Answer 29

Economic Migration.

Question 30

How does transport infrastructure lower costs?

Answer 30

Efficient transport systems lead to lower transportation costs, making migration more affordable.

Question 31

How does transport infrastructure improve connectivity?

Answer 31

Ensures smoother movement of goods and services across borders.

Question 32

How does transport infrastructure improve job opportunities?

Answer 32

More transport infrastructure means more jobs in industries such as construction and maintenance.

Question 33

How does transport infrastructure affect urbanisation?

Answer 33

Cities with well connected transport systems attract migrants who look for employment, education and healthcare.

Question 34

How does transport infrastructure affect trade?

Answer 34

Better transport infrastructure enables the movement of goods across borders.

Question 35

What happens as economic activity increases?

Answer 35

Demand for labour increases as well.

Question 36

How has transport infrastructure affected tourism?

Answer 36

Tourists who cross borders for leisure may choose to migrate permanently.

Question 37

How has communication infrastructure affected migration?

Answer 37

Information access, remote work, social networking, communication with family and friends, access to services.

Question 38

How has communication infrastructure affected information access?

Answer 38

Provides individuals with access to lots of information about different regions, empowering migrants.

Question 39

How has communication infrastructure affected remote work?

Answer 39

Individuals can work from anywhere, reducing the need to be present, migrants can move to countries with lower living costs.

Question 40

How has communication infrastructure affected social networking?

Answer 40

They allow people to connect with each other, providing an avenue to share experience, connecting with people in the same situation as you.

Question 41

How has communications infrastructure affected communication with family and friends?

Answer 41

Allows migrants to stay connected, making the idea of migration more manageable.

Question 42

How has communications infrastructure affected access to services?

Answer 42

Enables migrants to access essential services online, reducing logistical challenges.

Question 43

How has communications infrastructure affected cultural exchange?

Answer 43

Allows individuals to learn about different cultures and languages, creating a greater sense of familiarity.

Question 44

What happened to contactless payments in 2021?

Answer 44

The limit for contactless payments increased to £100.

Question 45

What is the greatest influence on travel choices?

Answer 45

Social Media.

Question 46

What % of people say social media is the greatest influence?

Answer 46

75%.

Question 47

What are the different types of global flow?

Answer 47

Food, Resources, Money and Financial Services, Migrants, Technology.

Question 48

What was the value of trade in food, resources and commodities in 2015?

Answer 48

$25 Trillion.

Question 49

What is the volume of financial transactions made in a day?

Answer 49

$5 Trillion.

Question 50

What has led to the growth of flows of technology and ideas?

Answer 50

Growth of social media and on demand streaming services.

Question 51

What happened to Global GDP in 2009?

Answer 51

It fell for the first time.

Question 52

What did the fall in GDP lead to?

Answer 52

Trade flows falling in value, many migrants returned home.

Question 53

What happened to the flows of trade services and finance between 1990-2007?

Answer 53

It grew, and then collapsed.

Question 54

What has happened to emerging economies since the financial crisis?

Answer 54

There has been a slowdown of countries such as Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Nigeria.

Question 55

How many internal migrants lived in cities in 2013?

Answer 55

750 Million.

Question 56

What are economic movers?

Answer 56

People who have moved voluntarily for reasons of work, and improved quality of life.

Question 57

What are refugees?

Answer 57

People who are forced to leave their homes, to travel to another country.

Question 58

What % of the world's population are international migrants?

Answer 58

3-4%.

Question 59

Where was migration directed at in the 70's and 80's?

Answer 59

Developed cities such as New York and Paris.

Question 60

What did the old migration core lead to?

Answer 60

A core periphery system, as developed countries benefit from brain drain, making them richer.

Question 61

What is an example of brain drain?

Answer 61

Indian doctors joining the NHS.

Question 62

Which cities are big for immigration now?

Answer 62

Cities in developing countries, such as Mumbai, Lagos and Dubai.

Question 63

How has migration become regionalised?

Answer 63

A lot of international migration has been between between neighbouring countries.

Question 64

How many International migrants were in the USA, in 2000 and 2013?

Answer 64

2000 - 35 Million. 2013 - 45 Million.

Question 65

How many international migrants were in Germany in 2000 and 2013?

Answer 65

2000 - 9 Million. 2013 - 10 Million.

Question 66

How many international migrants were in Saudi Arabia in 2000 and 2013?

Answer 66

2000 - 5 Million. 2013 - 9 Million.

Question 67

How many international migrants were in UAE in 2000 and 2013?

Answer 67

2000 - 2 Million. 2013 - 6 Million.

Question 68

How many international migrants were in the UK in 2000 and 2013?

Answer 68

2000 - 5 Million. 2013 - 6 Million.

Question 69

Where are the largest groups of Sub-Saharan immigrants from?

Answer 69

Other Sub-Saharan nations.

Question 70

What is the time space compression?

Answer 70

The idea that the world has shrunk, as things are closer in time than they were in the past due to developments in transport.

Question 71

How long did it take to circumnavigate the world in 1700, 1930, and 1990?

Answer 71

1700 - 2 years. 1930 - 8 days. 1990 - 31 hours.

Question 72

What % of Africa owned a mobile phone in 2000, compared to now?

Answer 72

6%, compared to 60% now.

Question 73

How many people in India have mobile phones?

Answer 73

Over 1 Billion.

Question 74

What is an example of a social media group about migration?

Answer 74

Stations of the forced wanderers.

Question 75

Which plane made international air travel more common?

Answer 75

Boeing 747.

Question 76

How many passenger flights did Easyjet have in 2014?

Answer 76

65 Million.

Question 77

What does Doreen Massey say about the time space compression?

Answer 77

It's socially differentiated, as not everyone experiences the sense of a shrinking world, due to income differences.