unit 1 - politics and government (1485-1603) Flashcards
(86 cards)
when was the battle of Bosworth? who won?
august 22nd 1485
henry vii, defeated richard iii
how did henry vii put his experience as a child in politics to use?
he kept his inner circle very small:
(e.g. his mother Margaret Beaufort)
how many peers did henry vii have at the start of his reign compared to the end?
start of reign = 50 peers & 16 major peers
end of reign = 35 peers & 10 major peers
what methods did henry use to reward the nobles?
patronage (giving power/land)
order of the garter (prestige)
kings council (closest peers - confidence)
great council (meetings of noblemen to agree)
how many knights of the garter did henry make?
37
what methods did henry use to punish the nobles?
bonds and recognisances (formal debt if failed king)
feudal dues (wardships & marriages)
retaining (recruiting gentry to fight)
crown lands (gaining back land)
who was fined and how much in 1496 for marrying without the kings consent?
96 - alliteration
Dowager Duchess of Birmingham
£7,000
how much land did henry vii return to the property of the crown in his reign?
5x more from previous monarch
how many noble families gave bonds and recognisances to the crown betwen 1485-1509?
36 out of 62 families
what act and when did henry vii put in place to recover all properties lost in the war of the roses?
acts of resumption 1486
why did henry vii need to control the nobles?
- help to restore the primacy of the monarch
- encouraging loyalty
- safer domestic situation
- reduce oppostion while not giving too much power away
- usurper
how did henry vii not deal with the nobles well?
- magnates (local authority) were still powerful and controlled lots of crown lands
- some nobles did rise against him & supported the warbeck plot
how many times did parliament meet during henry vii’s reign?
7
how did henry vii go about controlling parliament?
he did not make any changes, adressed problems where they arose and was only used for finances and security
how much money did parliament give henry vii annually?
£33,000
how did henry vii control the great council? how many summoned?
5 were summoned and served the purpose of getting noblemen to agree with him and were often nin relation to war
how did henry vii control the royal council?
he was very involved in government decisions and appointed people with skill and people he trusted (large scale)
how did henry vii control the council learned in law?
this was a smaller scale commitee responsible for supervising the feudal lords, recognisances.. these were used on a regular basis to maintain punishment
how did henry vii control the regional government? when was council in wales/north?
wales - the council inwales and marches in 1493, althoughno threat due to family links
north - installled Thomas Howard to lead the council of the north after 1489
how did henry vii control the local government? how did he maintain this?
henry increased the importance of JP’s (Justices of peace - public order in their jurisdiction and would reinforce the king’s laws as they directly answered to the king) and maintained the loyalty by reappointing them
what is an example of the increasing power of JP’s as a result of henry vii? when?
1495 - gave them power to deal with juries and grant bail (power in the law)
TEN years after he came to power, felt confident enough to give power to JP’s and gain further power over the legal system
how many people were in lambert simnels army comapred to henry vii’s? when was it?
same year as the chamber
1487
lambert simnel - his mother margaret of burgundy, raised 2000 mercearies, had an army of 8,000
henry vii - army of 12,000
when was the battle of stoke? what occurred?
16 June 1487 - henry vii’s forces defeated lambert simnels forces
why did henry vii put lambert simnel to a life in the kitchens?
as to not turn lambert simnel into a martyr and gather anymroe support for the rebel
