unit 3 - rebellions (1509-1569)

Question 1

what was the tudor chain of being?

Answer 1

that ordinary people were subordinate and, in rebellions, were often not trying to overturn the monarch (as the head of the chain) but wanted change

Question 2

when was the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 2

1536

Question 3

what was the primary cause of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 3

religious and targeted cromwell as felt church was under threat

Question 4

how many people were in the army of the pilgrimage of grace by october 21 1536?

Answer 4

30,000

Question 5

what castle did the pilgrimage of grace take over?

Answer 5

pontefract castle

Question 6

what articles outlined the pilgrimage of graces greivances?

Answer 6

york articles

Question 7

who led the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 7

robert aske

Question 8

how did the pilgrimage of grace get resolved?

Answer 8

henry viii offered to discuss the matters in parliament and gave them all pardons

henry executed robert aske!

Question 9

what was the aftermath of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 9

greater control of the noerth through re-establishing the council of the north in 1537

Question 10

what were the causes of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 10

religious
economic
political
northern

Question 11

how were religious causes the greatest of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 11

dissolution of the monasteries - these were places of service for the poor population of the north, therefore people were dissatisfied

defense of catholicism - catholicism was previously ubiquitous so angry at the more prootestant approach taken by henry viii

Question 12

how did economic factors cause the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 12

food shortages - for example the poor harvests in 1536 led people in the north to want more economic activity from the crown

tax - hostility to cromwells economic policies, as it was feared to increased tax on farmers

Question 13

how did political factors cause the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 13

fuedal dues - angered the gentry as they had no control over their land
cromwells policies - people hated the acts of supremacy and saw cromwell as evil

Question 14

why did northern feeling (SOCIAL) cause the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 14

people felt very excluded from london, and that the policies only affected those in London, left northern standards of living poorer

Question 15

what was the main failures of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 15

• there was no actual attempt to take over the monarch (tudor chain of being)
• this was a rebellion form the north and had no real intention of moving down south towards London
• lack of nobility support

Question 16

how was the pilgrimage of grace threatening?

Answer 16

• dissolution of monasteries left gov disordered
• henry viii had no army to combat
• had pontefract castle (threatening potential and position)

Question 17

how was the pilgrimage of grace less thretening?

Answer 17

• they had no intention of overthrowing the king
• localised rebellion as had most support from local community
• unlucky time for the rebels as it was winter so want to give up

Question 18

when was the western rebellion?

Answer 18

1549

Question 19

who led the western rebellion?

Answer 19

humphrey arundell

Question 20

how many rebels in the western rebellion marched to credition?

Answer 20

6000

Question 21

what city did the western rebellion try and take over?

Answer 21

exeter - strategic place

although took ages so reduced threat

Question 22

how many people did it take to crush the western rebellion? who led the royal army?

Answer 22

8000
Russel

Question 23

what were the two causes of the western rebellion?

Answer 23

religious
economic

Question 24

why was religious causes the most prominent cause of the western rebellion?

Answer 24

• dislike for the book of common prayer (1548 & 52) and the transaltion of the book into english as very catholic area

Question 25

why was the wetsern rebellion less of a threat?

Answer 25

- did not want to overthrow the monarch and only wanted to bring attention to their grievances

Question 25

why did economic causes cause the western rebellion?

Answer 25

- new taxes on animals - rising food prices - anger at the local gentry who profited form the sale of the monasteries

Question 26

how was the western rebellion threatening?

Answer 26

- army of 8000 - organised through their 8 articles - evoked a italian mercenaries response - wanted to march to london

Question 27

why did the western rebellion fail?

Answer 27

- exeter did not surrender, therefore could not march to London -no foreign support - no chance of being considered in parliament as wanted protestantism

Question 28

when was the kett rebellion?

Answer 28

1549

Question 29

who led the kett rebellion?

Answer 29

robert kett

Question 30

how many rebels were in the kett rebellion?

Answer 30

16,000

Question 31

where did the rebels encamp in the kett rebellion?

Answer 31

mousehold heath

Question 32

how was the kett rebellion organised?

Answer 32

they followed proper legal procedure and presented themesleves as a legitamate threat

Question 33

what city did the kett rebellion have?

Answer 33

norwich (second biggest to london therefore a significant threat)

Question 34

what was the most significant cause of the kett rebellion?

Answer 34

economic greivances with enclosures

Question 35

why were economic causes the most significant cause of the kett rebellion?

Answer 35

enclosures - common land could not be used to graze animals, and rising rents meant people were put into poverty - lower class were angry at gov as they supported this rising food prices - grain was very expensive and local gov would not help

Question 36

how did political causes, result in the kett rebellion?

Answer 36

somersets policies - people thought they had his support so would want to rebel to express their grievances people were uncontent with the loccal government (e.g. JP's)

Question 37

how did religious causes, result in the kett rebellion?

Answer 37

people were discontent with the quality of the clergy and priests - fien with actual religion

Question 38

how was the kett rebellion threatening?

Answer 38

- organised (articles of 1549) - very real grievances - did not want any religious change but wanted social/economic - had mousehold heath

Question 39

why did the kett rebellion fail?

Answer 39

- no intent to overthrow the throne, - no support from upper class, - only really threatening for the policy makers and not the monarch - no radical agenda so not considered important

Question 40

when was the wyatt rebellion?

Answer 40

1554

Question 41

who led the wyatt rebellion?

Answer 41

sir thomas Wyatt

Question 42

why was wyatt a good leader?

Answer 42

- family was reputable - had defended the king beforehand therefore could establish a force very quickly

Question 43

how many men did the wyatt rebelion have by january 1554?

Answer 43

2000

Question 44

what did the wyatt rebellion capture, making it so threatening?

Answer 44

the queens ships and cannons

Question 45

who defended mary from the wyatt rebellion?

Answer 45

londoners rallied against the 'rank traitors' formed an army under earl of Pembroke

Question 46

did the wyatt rebellion go against the tudor chain of being?

Answer 46

yes, they wanted to dispose mary

Question 47

what was the main cause of the wyatt rebellion?

Answer 47

xenophobia/religious - people were against mary marrying Phillip (they were against the foreigner) this marriage would also involve england is spains conflicts - bad for economy

Question 48

how was the wyatt rebellion threatening?

Answer 48

- the leader (Wyatt) had experience with governing, - wyatt played on peoples xenophobia - caused mary to nearly be deposed, wyatt turned into a martyr

Question 49

how did the wyatt rebellion fail?

Answer 49

- the support was too localised, the xenophobia was not widespread - not supported by monarchists - the royal army was gathered quickly - wyatt was the only leader

Question 50

when was the northern rebellion?

Answer 50

1569

Question 51

who led the northern rebellion?

Answer 51

Charles Neville - (Earl of Westmorland) Thomas Percy - (Earl of Northumberland)

Question 52

where did the northern rebellion take place place?

Answer 52

yorkshire

Question 53

what did the northern rebellion want?

Answer 53

restoration of catholicism, against the settlement tried to rescue mary

Question 53

how many men did the northern rebellion have?

Answer 53

3800 foot soliers 1600 horsemen

Question 54

how many men was the royal army that faced the northern rebellion?

Answer 54

10,000

Question 55

what were the main causes of the northern rebellion?

Answer 55

religious - purely wanted catholicism in power and mry queen of scots, - mary had no heir and so worried about her succession - the lords offered money and incentive for locals to join rebellion

Question 56

how much were the earls offering to those that joined the northern rebellion?

Answer 56

16 pence a day

Question 57

how was the northern rebellion theatening?

Answer 57

the rebellion had the support of mary queen of scots, who had the right to the english throne rebellion was supported by local nobles and commoners alike

Question 58

how was the northern rebellion a faliure?

Answer 58

- too localised support - the spanish support did not materialise - elizabeth ordered the execuion of all the rebels - the rebellion had poor planning, they turned back and had the earl of northumberland captured