unit 1 (population distribution)

Question 1

Core

Answer 1

A central region in an economy, with good communications and high population density, which conduce to its prosperity.

Question 2

Economic development

Answer 2

The process whereby simple, low-income national economies are transformed into modern industrial economies.

Question 3

Emerging economies

Answer 3

There is no official definition of an emerging market. The IMF World Economic Outlook classifies 39 economies as “advanced,” based on such factors as high per capita income, exports of diversified goods and services, and greater integration into the global financial system. The following countries are in the emerging market group, in alphabetical order: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates.

Question 4

Megacity

Answer 4

An urban area with a population of at least ten million people.

Question 5

Periphery

Answer 5

Outlying regions with poor communications and sparse population.

Question 6

Urbanization

Answer 6

The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities. It may involve both rural–urban migration and natural increase.

Question 7

human factors affecting migration?

Answer 7

-distribution of raw materials
-government policy
-conflict (war)

Question 8

rate of natural increase

Answer 8

The birth rate minus the death rate, expressed as a percentage. This value represents the estimated rate of population growth without regard for migration.

Question 9

dependency ratio

Answer 9

The sum of the young population (under age 15) and elderly population (age 65 and over) relative to the working-age population (ages 15 to 64).

Question 11

Total fertility rate

Answer 11

Represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.

Question 12

Internally displaced person

Answer 12

A person or groups of persons who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border.

Question 13

examples of displacenmt due to human factors

Answer 13

USA , China , India , Germany and UK have displaced populations due to coal and mineral sources
-apartheid policy in south africa

Question 14

population distribution casestudy CHINA

Answer 14

-china’s population is mainly located on the eastern part of the country
-in coastal zones
-due to the fact that only a small part of their land can provide rain fed agriculture
-river and coast provide areas for trade
-china has over 50 cities with more than 1 mil people

Question 15

population distribution casestudy SOUTH AFRICA

Answer 15

located in areas with good mineral resources , such as gold or diamonds such as Johaesburg
-good trading potential such as capetown

Question 16

pro-natalists

Answer 16

A population policy which aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives.

Question 17

Sex ratio

Answer 17

Number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 18

Population ageing/greying

Answer 18

Population ageing - the process by which older individuals become a proportionally larger share of the total population

Question 19

Demographic dividend

Answer 19

The accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population. With fewer births each year, a country’s young dependent population declines in relation to the working-age population. With fewer people to support, a country has a window of opportunity for rapid economic growth if the right social and economic policies are developed and investments made.

Question 20

Gender equality

Answer 20

When people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities.

Question 21

trafficking patterns

Answer 21

-often trans border feature
-multinational
-in 2015 anti-trafficking measures were in the 17 UN sustainable development goals
-

Question 22

TVPA 2000 USA regulation

Answer 22

its made to highlight what should be fought with trafficking
-protection
-prosecution
-prevention

Question 23

who is the most at risk of trafficking

Answer 23

refugees , migrants , LGBTQ+IA community , religious minorities and people with disabilities

Question 24

trafficking case studies

Answer 24

women are trafficked between nigeria and western Europe for sexual exploitation
-nigerian women account for more than 10% of these people
-

Question 25

positives of the demographic dividend

Answer 25

-enables fast economic growth -individuals can save more -decrease on fertility rates=healthier women , less pressure at home FINISH IT

Question 26

demographic dividend

Answer 26

an increase of proportion of the amount of adults in a population

Question 27

case study for pro-natalist country (RUSSIA)

Answer 27

-Russia reasons for low birth rates: -reasons are poor reproductive health systems -unsafe abortions -high divorce rates -ageing population structure -infertlity -choice of women pro natalist policies -in 1930s families were awarded for having a third child -imposed a tax on childness ness form 1941-90 in 2006 they introduced increase sin child benefits based on how many children a family had , increased parental leave ,increased payments to mothers for 2nd and 3rd children . -between 2006-13 fertility increased by 21%

Question 28

case study for anti natalist countries CHINA

Answer 28

china implemented a one child policy in 1979 -it prevented 400 miliion births -this policy resulted in there being 118 males to every 100 females -this may be due to infancide as people prefer men -female fetus's were aborted of female babies died due to neglect

Question 29

demographic dividend negatives

Question 30

negatives of change in sex ratio

Question 31

benefitd of demographic dividend

Answer 31

-increased labour supply -increase in savings -decrease birth rates means healthier women

Question 32

forced migration case study syria

Answer 32

-islamic group ISIS -led to the displacement of over 10 million Syrians -people feared they would be killed under this government -people feared they would be captured and forced to live under strict islamic rule -4mil internally displaced -4.5 mil refugee in other countries -most refugees in lebanon areliving in severe poverty or fully rely on aid -this has led lebanon to have a strain on health services , education , water , electricity and sanitation systems

Question 33

consequences on mega city growth casestudy

Answer 33

Mumbai has a population of 18 million -used to be an economy based on textiles now does engineering -accounts for 25% of indias industrial output , 40% of its foreign trade -india has more millionares and billionares than any other city in india but also has millions living in poverty -75% of mumbais popluation live in slums -838 fem to 1000 males -there is poverty , umeployment ,limited healthcare and education and electricty and poor sanitation -85% of residents of Dharavi work in recycling which can be very dangerous

Question 34

consequences on mega city growth

Answer 34

-increased traffick -increased global warming -increased diseases

Question 35

sex ratio case study , INDIA

Answer 35

-selective abortion is accelerating -2003-05 there were 880 girls to every 1000males -shortage of women has led to young unmariied men leading to crime , voilence againts women

Question 36

ageing population JAPAN

Answer 36

-numer of elders increased form 0.8mil to 2.5 mil -young poeple accounted for only 13% of teh popluation problems due the fact that 27% of japs population is 65+ -inadequete nursing homes -depletion of labour force -a trade deficit -falling demand for schools and teachers -new jobs needed for teh elderly -increase burden on dependency ratio

Question 38

demographic dividend in SOUTH KOREA