Unit 1 - Principles of Microanatomy Flashcards
what is microanatomy?
aka histology
study of microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function
what are the four tissue types?
- epithelial
- nerve
- muscle
- connective
what are the two types of layers in epithelial tissue?
- simple
- stratified (multiple layers- protection)
what are three main types of shapes of epithelial cells? and what processes are they involved in?
- squamous: diffusion
- cuboidal: secretion/ absorption
- columnar: absorption/ secretion of mucus
what are the other two rare types of epithelial cells?
- transitional: stretch readily to accomodate fluctuations of volume
- pseudostratified - only found in trachea
describe the polarity of epithelia tissue
polar due to discrete regions
- top: apical
- side: lateral
- base: basal
where do epithelial cell lie?
lie on basement membrane - matrix of connective fibres consisting of basal lamina and lamina propria
give other properties of epithelial cells
- avascular but innervated
- regenerative (desquamation)
- high cellularity - tightly packed
what are the two types of neural tissue?
- neurons: info processing
- neuroglia: neuron support, regulatory & protection
what are the layers of a nerve?
- epineurium
- perineurium - sheath covers fascicles
- endoneurium`
what is a fascicle?
small bundle of nerve fibres covered by the perineurium
what type of connective tissue is the epineurium made from?
dense, irregular connective tissue
what are the three types of muscle?
- smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal
what are the two general types of connective tissue?
- proper
- special
what are the three types of proper connective tissue?
- loose/areolar - often found in skin
- dense regular - parallel arrangement -unidirectional pull -found in tendons
- dense irregular - arrangement allow resistance of stretch from all directions
name six types of special connective tissue
- bone
- adipose
- blood cells
- blood vessels
- myeloid/ lymphoid ( blood cell-forming tissues)
- cartilage
what are the two types of bone?
- spongy/ trabecular/ cancellous
- compact/ cortical
what is the haversian system and where is it found?
- functional unit of compact bone
- supply of oxygenated blood and nutrients to bones
what is the role of bone?
- support/ protection/ site of haemopoesis/ storehouse of minerals (calcium phosphate)
what are the three types of bone cells?
- osteoblast: resorption of bone
- osteocyte: regulation
- osteoclast: formation of bone
describe adipose tissue
large aggregates of adipocytes
- nuclei on periphery - lipid droplet pushes it out
what are the three types of cartilage?
- hyaline
- fibrocartilage
- elastic
what are the functions of connective tissue?
- repair
- binding/packing/support
- insulation
- transportation/ nourishment
- protection/ defence
what are the two main components of connective tissue?
- ECM: fibres/ ground substance
- cells: adipocytes/ fibroblast/ plasma/ pericytes/ endothelial/ mast/ macrophage
