Unit 1 Review

Question 1

anthropomorphism

Answer 1

The attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman objects.

Question 2

behavior

Answer 2

Any activity that is or can be made voluntary through conditioning.

Question 3

biological evolution

Answer 3

The process of change and diversification of living things over time.

Question 4

brisket

Answer 4

The sternum, or breastbone; in some breeds, the entire thorax.

Question 5

canine hip dysplasia

Answer 5

An abnormality of the ball and socket joint of the hip.

Question 6

carpus (carpal joint)

Answer 6

The bones of the wrist.

Question 7

chest

Answer 7

The part of the body or trunk that’s enclosed by the ribs.

Question 8

Companion Dog (CD)

Answer 8

The Novice title, awarded through the AKC, earned by achieving three qualifying scores in three different trials by three different judges.

Question 9

Companion Dog Excellent (CDX)

Answer 9

The Open title, awarded through the AKC, earned after completing the CD.

Question 10

croup

Answer 10

The region of the pelvic girdle, formed by the sacrum and surrounding tissue.

Question 11

cynologist

Answer 11

A person who studies dogs.

Question 12

dominance

Answer 12

Referring to the relative position of an individual in a social hierarchy.

Question 13

domestication

Answer 13

The ability of animals to live in an environment controlled by humans.

Question 14

ecology

Answer 14

The interrelationship of organisms and their environment.

Question 15

elbow

Answer 15

The joint in the front leg where the upper arm meets the forearm.

Question 16

ethology

Answer 16

The study of whole patterns of animal behavior in natural environments, stressing the analysis of adaptation and the evolution of the patterns.

Question 17

flews

Answer 17

The pendulous lateral part of the upper lip, particularly at the inner corners.

Question 18

forearm

Answer 18

The portion of the forelimb between the upper arm and the carpus, including the radius and the ulna.

Question 19

genetic drift

Answer 19

Refers to evolutionary variation due to accidents of chance.

Question 20

hip

Answer 20

The joint where the femur (thigh bone) fits into the pelvic girdle.

Question 21

hock

Answer 21

The collection of bones of the hind leg forming the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus; equivalent to a human’s ankle.

Question 22

lips

Answer 22

The fleshy portions of the upper and lower jaws covering the teeth.

Question 23

loin

Answer 23

The area of the body behind the ribs and before the hip.

Question 24

morphology

Answer 24

The form and structure of an organism or any of its parts.

Question 25

mutation

Answer 25

A basic, significant, and relatively permanent change in the genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 26

muzzle

Answer 26

The head in front of the eyes, including nasal bones, nostrils, and jaws.

Question 27

National Association of Dog Obedience Instructors (NADOI)

Answer 27

An endorsing body for qualified obedience instructors, as well as an educational resource.

Question 28

natural selection

Answer 28

A natural process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to the surrounding environment.

Question 29

Obedience Trial Champion (OTCh)

Answer 29

The highest title in obedience competition.

Question 30

occiput

Answer 30

The dorsal, posterior point of the skull.

Question 31

pastern

Answer 31

The metacarpal bones of the front leg between the carpus and the foot and the metatarsal bones and the hind leg between the hock and the foot.

Question 32

positive reinforcement

Answer 32

strengthening a behavior by presenting a desirable consequence.

Question 33

Schutzhund

Answer 33

A comprehensive test initially developed to evaluate the German Shepherd Dog for breeding and working purposes. Now a popular sport, Schutzhund trials test a working dog’s abilities in tracking, obedience, and protection work.

Question 34

shoulder

Answer 34

The joint in the forequarters formed where the shoulder blade and arm meet.

Question 35

stifle

Answer 35

The joint of the hind leg between the thigh and the second thigh; the equivalent of the human knee.

Question 36

symbiosis

Answer 36

The ability of organisms to live together in a mutually beneficial environment.

Question 37

tail set

Answer 37

How the tail base sets on the rump.

Question 38

taxonomy

Answer 38

The classification of organisms into different categories on the basis of their individual physical, genetic, and biochemical relationships to one another.

Question 39

thigh

Answer 39

The hindquarters from hip to stifle.

Question 40

topline

Answer 40

A dog’s outline from just behind the withers to the tail set.

Question 41

tuck up

Answer 41

A noticeably shallow loin depth; equivalent to being small-waisted in a human.

Question 42

Utility Dog (UD)

Answer 42

Awarded through the AKC, earned after completing the CD and CDX titles.

Question 43

Utility Dog Excellent (UDX)

Answer 43

Awarded through the AKC, earned after completing the UD title.

Question 44

withers

Answer 44

The area along the spine between the uppermost portion of the shoulder blades.