unit 1 review Flashcards
what best describes the difference between genetics and epigenetics?
genetics is the study of inherent traits, while epigenetics is the study of how behavior and environment can alter those traits
how can food and lifestyle choices impact our health according to epigenetic principles?
they can influence the expression of our genes, providing opportunities for improved health
bio-individuality suggests that:
each person has unique nutritional needs based on a variety of factors
what were some challenges to survival for hunter gatherer societies
they could only consume what they found or caught, leading to potential food scarcity
what benefits arose from the early development of cultivating plants?
it allowed for more permanent settlements and a stable food supply
what major impacts were seen by the people on the land during early colonization?
displacement of indigenous peoples and alterations of the landscape for agriculture and settlements
what key shifts happened with the emergence of cash crops?
a shift towards monoculture farming, often at the expense of soil health and local food supply
what were some of the advancements during industrialization?
mechanization of agriculture and the rise of food processing
what were the resulting impacts of industrialization on food and society?
disconnection from traditional food practices and increased consumption of processed foods
what is the primary purpose of fermenting foods?
to preserve foods and enhance their nutrient bioavailability
soaking and sprouting seeds, grains, and legumes are traditional practices that primarily aim to:
reduce anti-nutrients and make nutrients more bio-available
souring grains, such as in the making os sourdough bread, is a process that:
involves fermentation that can reduce phytates and enhance nutrient bioavailability
what common theme is found across the traditional practice of fermenting, soaking, sprouting, nose to tail, and root to stem eating, souring, and expressing gratitude for food?
they are methods to improve nutritional value, reduce waste, and foster a deeper connection with food
how do anatomy and physiology differ?
anatomy studies the STRUCTURE of body parts, while physiology studies their FUNCTION
how would you define homeostasis?
the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions
how is homeostasis regulated?
through feedback systems that involve receptors, control centers, and effectors
what are some body parameters maintained through homeostasis?
body temperature. glucose levels. blood pH levels.
which of the following best describes the chemistry level of structural organization?
atoms and molecules that make up cells.
NOT: individual cells that are the basic units of life (got this one wrong)
which of the following best summarizes the purpose of the chemical level of structural organization?
to form the basic building blocks from atoms and molecules
an example of the cell level of structural organization is:
a muscle fiber
why do the levels of structural organization matter nutritionally?
nutrients support the structure and function at each level, influencing overall health
what is the function of the plasma membrane?
it controls the entry and exit of substances, maintaining the cells integrity
NOT: it stores the cells genetical material. it packages protein for secretion. (didn’t get to answer before it showed the answer)
what is the primary function of mitochondria?
to produce ATP through cell respiration
what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
to process and transport proteins and lipids
