Unit 1 Review (Cell structure, Cell Energy, Cell growth and Division) Flashcards
The Cell theory
- Cells are made from other cells
- All organisms are made out of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryotic does not?
Nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; both have DNA, cytoplasm, and Cell membrane
What is the function of the Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of cell; site of cellular respiration
When working with the microscopes, if I have the lowest power objective lens (x4) what is the overall magnification?
40 times
What is the passive movement of substances across the cell membrane from high to low concentration without the use of a protein?
Diffusion
What is the passive movement of substances across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the use of a protein?
Facilitated Diffusion
What is the passive movement of water across the cell membrane from high to low concentration with the use of a protein?
Osmosis
Name 3 types of membrane transport that use energy.
Active transport, Exocytosis, Endocytosis
When a cell is submerged in a solution with more solutes dissolved in it than in the cell what will happen?
Water will leave the cell and the cell will shrink.
When a cell is in a solution where water enters the cell and the cell swells, what type of solution is this called compared to the cell?
Hypotonic (think the “o” in hyp”o”tonic is like the solution with 0 salt in our lab)
What is the function of the nucleus?
Genetic storehouse, makes DNA usable for the rest of the cell, “Brain of the cell”
What is the function of the ribosome?
Manufacture or make proteins
What is the function of the lysosomes in the animal cell?
Break down worn-out cell parts and protect from bacteria and viruses
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Do photosynthesis in plant cells
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Light + CO2 + Water -> Sugar + Oxygen
note, CO2 or Carbon Dioxide is required here, “carbon” is not descriptive enough*
What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration?
Sugar + Oxygen -> CO2 + Water + ATP
Describe the carbon cycle as it relates to photosynthesis and respiration. How does carbon move from the air to organisms and back to the air? be specific about the forms of carbon at each step.
Carbon Dioxide from the air is used during photosynthesis to make sugars which are stored in the plants. Humans or other animals eat the plants to use the stored sugar and release CO2 back into the air via cellular repiration.
What are the 3 major steps in a eukaryotic cell’s life cycle?
Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
What term is defined by the programmed death of a cell?
Apoptosis
All animals start from a single cell, how does that single cell become the many different cells of the adult human body?
Cell Differentiation
Starting with interphase, what is the order of the cell cycle (including interphase, the 4 steps of mitosis, and interphase)
1.Interphase, 2.Prophase, 3.Metaphase, 4.Anaphase, 5.Telophase, 6.Cytokenisis
What happens in prophase?
DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope begins breaking down, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
What happens in metaphase?
Spindle fibers align chromosomes in center of cell
What happens in Anaphase?
Chromosomes get pulled apart
