Unit 1: Riding Through History (Engineering)

Question 1

It took nearly 100 years and many…for the modern bicycle to be born.

Answer 1

individuals

Question 2

Bicycles… the way people traveled from place to place.

Answer 2

had revolutionized

Question 3

The…was made of solid steel tubes and wooden wheels were covered with steel.

Answer 3

framework

Question 4

People didn’t ride velocipedes to the market or to their .. . Instead, people thought velocipedes were just toys.

Answer 4

jobs

Question 5

Around 1870, American manufacturers saw that velocipedes were very popular… .

Answer 5

overseas

Question 6

They made the frameworks from hollow steel tubes. this … made velocipedes much lighter.

Answer 6

alteration

Question 7

Roads were… so … was difficult.

Answer 7

bumpy,steering

Question 8

Most riders preferred indoor tracks where they could rent a velocipede for a small … and take riding lessons.

Answer 8

fee

Question 9

… changes by British engineers … the wheels to make pedaling more efficient.

Answer 9

Subsequent, altered

Question 10

They reasoned that if the front wheel were longer, the bicycle would travel a greater distance. So they … a bicycle with a gaint front wheel.

Answer 10

designed

Question 11

Its … purpose was to help the rider balance.

Answer 11

primary

Question 12

He was in danger of falling off the bicycle and … himeself if he lost his balance.

Answer 12

injuring

Question 13

Dispite this … danger,”high wheelers” became very popular in England.

Answer 13

inherent

Question 14

They … a small wheel for the giant front wheel and put the driving mechanism in a larger rear wheel.

Answer 14

substituted

Question 15

The new safety bicycle … the dangers inherent in bicycle riding.

Answer 15

minimized

Question 16

It would be impossible for a rider to pedal the rear wheel, so engineers … a system of foot levers.

Answer 16

designed

Question 17

The British … the … one last time.

Answer 17

altered, design

Question 18

… improvements, such as brakes, rubber tires, and lights were added to make bicycles more comfortable to ride.

Answer 18

Subsequent

Question 19

Bicycles … the way people traveled from place to place.

Answer 19

revolutionized

Question 20

The modern bicycle was born when British engineers … altered the wheels again and made them equal in size.

Answer 20

subsequently

Question 21

The course for the Tour de France is … every year, but it is always about 4000 kilometers, or 2500 miles.

Answer 21

altered/changed

Question 22

The course is … to travel through towns, up steep mountains, and across flat lands.

Answer 22

designed/planned

Question 23

Riders come from all over Europe as well as from … to take part in the 22-day race.

Answer 23

overseas/other countries

Question 24

The race is divided into 20 stages, or parts. The rider who wins one stage has the honor of wearing a yellow Tour shirt in the … stage.

Answer 24

subsequent/next

Question 25

Amestrong is the only ... to win seven Tour de France competitions.

Answer 25

individual/person

Question 26

The ... of modern racing bicycle is made of light lightweight steel, aluminum, titanium, and carbon fiber tubes.

Answer 26

framework/structure

Question 27

The recent use of lightweight frameworks brought about ... changes in the 100-year-old race.

Answer 27

revolutionary/great

Question 28

Teams pay any entrance ... to join the Tour de France. The fees create the prize money paid to the winning teams.

Answer 28

fee/payment

Question 29

Riders must be good athletes to meet the physical demands that are an ... part of a long race.

Answer 29

inherent/natural

Question 30

If a rider is ..., he tries to ... the pain so he can stay in the race.

Answer 30

injured/hurt, minimize/lessen

Question 31

The ... ... of a Tour coach is to help his team win.

Answer 31

primary/main , job/task

Question 32

... can minimize stress on knees.

Answer 32

knee braces

Question 33

low handle bars can minimize ... .

Answer 33

air drag

Question 34

A ... can minimize head ... .

Answer 34

helmet, injuries

Question 35

Long sleeves can minimize ... .

Answer 35

sunburn

Question 36

Water can minimize ... .

Answer 36

thirst

Question 37

ice can minimize ... .

Answer 37

sprains

Question 38

Riders are aware of the ... danger of bicycle racing.

Answer 38

inherent

Question 39

Bicycle racing is ... dangerous.

Answer 39

inherently

Question 40

... colors/ ... school/ ... elections/ ... care physician

Answer 40

Primary

Question 41

A ... alters clothing to fit individuals.

Answer 41

tailor

Question 42

International airline pilot flies airplanes ... .

Answer 42

overseas

Question 43

Doctor helps individuals who are ... or sick.

Answer 43

injured

Question 44

... teaches the classes of a teacher who is absent.

Answer 44

substitute teacher

Question 45

... cleans and takes care of buildings.

Answer 45

janitor

Question 46

The central meaning of ... is "turning" or "changing". it can refer to one thing rotating around a central point, like the Earth's ... around the sun. It can also mean "changing or trying to change the political system by violent action".

Answer 46

revolution, revolution

Question 47

In this unit, ... is used to mean " a complete change in methods, opinions, etc, often as a result of progress."

Answer 47

revolution

Question 48

Bicycles led to a .... in transportation.

Answer 48

revolution

Question 49

Bicycles were a ... idea.

Answer 49

revolutionary

Question 50

The sound ... changed the way motion pictures told stories.

Answer 50

revolution

Question 51

The addition of sound ... the way motion pictures told a story.

Answer 51

revolutionized

Question 52

The jet engine ... air travel.

Answer 52

revolutionized

Question 53

The jet engine caused a ... change in air travel.

Answer 53

revolutionary

Question 54

Alferd Nobel created a ... with a new substance that he called dynamite.

Answer 54

revolution

Question 55

Alferd Nobel created a ... substance that he called dynamite.

Answer 55

revolutionary

Question 56

The discovery of x-rays created a ... in medical science.

Answer 56

revolution

Question 57

The ... discovery of x-rays changed medical science.

Answer 57

revolutionary

Question 58

Henry Ford's first car was called the Model T. A ... car was called the Model A.

Answer 58

subsequent

Question 59

Henry Ford created the Model T in 1908. ..., he built the Model A.

Answer 59

subsequently

Question 60

The wheels of the first velocipedes had no pedals, but a French inventor ... ... wheels that had pedals.

Answer 60

subsequently, substituted

Question 61

European velocipedes were heavy because the framework was made of solid steel tubes. The ... ... of hollow steel tubes made the vehicle much lighter.

Answer 61

subsequent, substitution

Question 62

The high wheeler had a small rear wheel. A ... change by American manufactures ... the larger rear wheel for the smaller one.

Answer 62

subsequent, substituted

Question 63

Will the electric vehicle known as the Segway ... the ways that individuals ... ?

Answer 63

alter, get around

Question 64

Dean Kamer, the inventor of the segway, believes that this ... vehicle will someday ... for the bicycles and automobiles that now crowd our cities.

Answer 64

revolutionary, substitute

Question 65

Although the Segway uses ... technology, it looks very ordinary.

Answer 65

up-to-the-minute

Question 66

The metal ... of the Segway consists of a platform where an individual stands. Attached to the front of the platform is a tall ... with handles for the driver to hold.

Answer 66

framework, post

Question 67

It uses a computer system that ... the ability of human to keep their balance.

Answer 67

imitates

Question 68

It is ... for short-range, low-speed operation.

Answer 68

designed

Question 69

Workers who must walk a lot in their jobs might be the ... users of Segway.

Answer 69

primary

Question 70

People who cannot comfortably walk due to age, illness, or injury could ... their walking but still be able to go many places on a Segway.

Answer 70

minimize

Question 71

Why is it, then, that job sites, parks and shopping centers have not been ... filled with Segways since they were introduced in 2001?

Answer 71

subsequently

Question 72

Segway can help workers get more done in a shorter time. This saves money. Engineers ... Segway as a technological ... .

Answer 72

admire, marvel

Question 73

Florance and Italy are among several cities in the world that offer tours on Segway for a small ... .

Answer 73

fee

Question 74

Occasionally you will see golfers riding Segway around golf courses. Throughout the world more than 150 security agencies use Segway, and China has recently entered the ... market. These examples are encouraging, but can hardly called a ... .

Answer 74

overseas, revolution

Question 75

The ... reason seems to be that people have an ... fear of doing something new. They fear of being ... .

Answer 75

primary, inherent, injured

Question 76

He had ... love of speed.

Answer 76

inherent

Question 77

Riders often tipped over and ... themselves.

Answer 77

injured

Question 78

A ... is a structure upon which other parts are built or attached. On a bicycle, the wheels, pedals, and handlebars are ... to the steel framework. Sometimes, framework refers to the ... or ... of something.

Answer 78

framework, attached, basis, foundation

Question 79

The ... of early velocipedes were made of solid steel tubes.

Answer 79

frameworks

Question 80

A good education forms the ... for a successful career.

Answer 80

framework

Question 81

To ... something means "to make something different in some way, but without changing it completely." If you alter something, you have made an ... .

Answer 81

alter, alteration

Question 82

Not everything can be ... . Some things are ... : they are not able to be ... . Many things, however, are ... : they can be ... .

Answer 82

altered, unalterable, altered, alterable, altered

Question 83

Each boy works ... to make his own cars.

Answer 83

individually

Question 84

He wants to ... his car so it will be special.

Answer 84

individualize

Question 85

He can show his ... in many ways. Some boys ... their cars to look like a snake or a hot dog, for example.

Answer 85

individuality/unique personality, design

Question 86

On the day of the race, the Boy Scouts roll their cars ... down a sloped board.

Answer 86

individually

Question 87

On the day of the race, the Boy Scouts roll their cars down a sloped board ... .

Answer 87

one at a time

Question 88

The judges give ... prizes for the funniest car, the scariest car, and other categories.

Answer 88

individual (adj)

Question 89

The contest is ... to show every boy's ... .

Answer 89

designed/planned, individuality/ special qualities