unit 1: scope and history of MCB

Question 1

what did Hieronymus Fracastorius do and what does epidemic mean

Answer 1

he published study on epidemic disease. epidemic means a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
“a flu epidemic”

Question 2

who invented the first microscope

Answer 2

antony van leeuwenhoek

Question 3

who produced the cowpox vaccine

Answer 3

edward jenner

Question 4

who helped us by inventing chemical disinfectants in maternity wards

Answer 4

Semmelweis

Question 5

who discovered the following :
-Fermentation and putrefaction are caused by micro-organisms
-boiling bandages and surgical instruments
-protected sheep against Anthrax by vaccination
-discovered pasteurization

Answer 5

louis Pasteur

Question 6

modern aseptic surgical techniques are based on who’s work

Answer 6

joseph lister

Question 7

who came up with basis of Gram stain & Ziehl-Neelsen stain and developed the first antibiotic

Answer 7

paul ehrlich

Question 8

list 4 things Robert koch contributed to the field of MCB

Answer 8

1. HE won a nobel price for work in TB
   2.methods of isolating bacteria
2. Koch’s postulates
3. invented agar

Question 9

Fill in the blanks for koch’s postulates

1.The __ causing organism must always be __ in every __ of the disease.

2. The organism must be isolated from the __ containing the disease and grown in __ __.
3. Samples from the pure culture must cause the __ __ when inoculated into a __ in the laboratory.
4. The organism must be __ from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the __ __ organism that was first isolated from the __ diseased host.

Answer 9

Check notes on your book.

Question 10

State the 3rd Koch’s postulate

Answer 10

a sample of the organism from the pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy animal in the laboratory.

Question 11

Which micro-orgamism does myochology represent

Answer 11

Fungus

Question 12

Is bacteria unicellular or multicellular

Answer 12

Unicellular

Question 13

Is bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 13

Prokaryotic

Question 14

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 14

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles while eukaryotes have a distinct nucleus and organelles

Question 15

What is the difference between commensals, pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria

Answer 15

Commensals -normal helpful bacteria
Pathogenic- disease-causing bacteria
Opportunistic- cause disease under certain conditions

Question 16

What is the similarity between protozoa and fungi and yeasts

Answer 16

They are both eukaryotic

Question 17

Which micro organisms are helpful in food industry and help produce anti-biotics

Answer 17

Fungi and yeasts

Question 18

Which micro organism can be carried by female mosquitoes
and cause malaria

Answer 18

Protozoa

Question 19

Which 2 micro organisms are intracellular

Answer 19

Viruses and rickettsias

Question 20

Viruses evolved from plasmids and bacteria, what are plasmids

Answer 20

Generic structure in the cells that replicate independently of chromosomes

Question 21

Why do viruses have no autonomous metabolism

Answer 21

They have no ribosomes so they cannot carry out their own metabolism.

Question 22

Which micro organism is carried as parasites by fleas

Answer 22

Rickettsias

Question 23

What 4 important factors are considered when growing bacterial cultures

Answer 23

1. Temperature (37degrees calcius)
2. Moisture
   3.atmospheric conditions (aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria)
   4.nutrients.