Unit 1: Structue & Function Of The Heart

Question 1

Definition of Heart rate (pulse) (HR)

Answer 1

No. Of heartbeats that occurs per minute

Question 2

Definition of stroke volume (SV)

Answer 2

Volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contraction. The stronger the connection, the greater the stroke volume.

Question 3

Definition is cariac output ( CO)

Answer 3

Volume of blood pumped through the ventricle per minute

Question 4

What is the equation to work out cardiac output (CO)

Answer 4

CO= HR x SV

Question 5

Definition of systole

Answer 5

The chambers of the heart contract

Question 6

Definition of diastole

Answer 6

The chambers of the heart relax

Question 7

Divination of cardiac cycle

Answer 7

One complete sequence of filling & pumping blood

Question 8

What happens during atrial systole

Answer 8

Atrial systole transfers the remainder of the blood through the atrioventricular valves to the ventricles

Question 9

What happens during ventricular systole

Answer 9

Ventricular systole closes the AV valves and pumps the blood out through the semi lunar valves to the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 10

Where does the heat beat originate

Answer 10

In the heart itself

Question 11

What is responsible for the heart sounds heard through a stethoscope

Answer 11

The opening and closing of he AV valves and SL valves

Question 12

What does SAN stand for

Answer 12

Sinoatrial node

Question 13

What sets the rate of cardiac conduction

Answer 13

SAN

Question 14

How does the SAN control the rate of cardiac conduction

Answer 14

Auto-rhythmic cells

Question 15

Where does the SAN set the rate of cardiac contraction

Answer 15

(Auto-rhythmic cells) -(located in) The wall of the right atrium

Question 16

Where is the AVN located

Answer 16

Base of artia

Question 17

What does AVN stand for

Answer 17

Atrioventricular node

Question 18

What does the AVN do

Answer 18

Sends impluses down conducting fibers between ventricles and up across ventricles causing ventricular systole

Question 19

The flow chart for cardiac conduction- contraction of the heart

Answer 19

SAN sets the rate of cardiac contraction (wall of RA) ⬇️
Blood flows into RA & falls into RV
⬇️
Electrical impulse from SAN across artia into AVN causes artical systole ⬇️
Blood is forced into RV
⬇️
As pressure in the RV builds, AV valve closes
⬇️
Impulse travels down middle of the heart & up the ventricle walls causing ventricular systole
⬇️
Blood is forced out into blood vessels through SL valves ⬇️
As pressure builds in blood vessels , SL valves close

Question 20

What do electrocardiogram dectect

Answer 20

The electrical impulses in the heart

Question 21

What is used to detect electrical impluses in the heart

Answer 21

Electrocardiogram

Question 22

What regulates the SAN

Answer 22

Medulla - through antagonistic action of the autonomic nervous system

Question 23

What do sympathetic nerves release

Answer 23

They release nor-adrenaline to increase heart rate (HR)

Question 24

What do parasympathetic nerves release

Answer 24

They release acetylcholine to decrease heart rate (HR)

Question 25

What are the P waves in an ECG

Answer 25

Electrical activity during atrial systole

Question 26

What are the ORS waves in an ECG

Answer 26

Electrical activity during ventrical systole

Question 27

What are the T waves in an ECG

Answer 27

Ventricular repolarsation (recovery of ventrical walls)

Question 28

What does ECG stand for

Answer 28

Electrocardiogram

Question 29

What is blood pressure

Answer 29

Friction between blood and blood vessels

Question 30

Does blood pressure increase or decrease during ventricular systole

Answer 30

Increases

Question 31

Does blood pressure increase or decrease during ventricular systole

Answer 31

Decreased

Question 32

What do you measure blood pressure with

Answer 32

Sphygmomanometer

Question 33

Fill in the blank: | The more space in the blood vessel the ———— the blood presssure

Answer 33

Lower

Question 34

How does a sphygmomanometer work

Answer 34

It is a cuff inflated to stop blood flow through artery and deflates gradually

Question 35

When measuring blood pressure - When is the first pressure reading

Answer 35

Taken when cuff begins to deflate and blood starts to flow (systolic pressure)

Question 36

When measuring blood pressure - when is the 2nd reading taken

Answer 36

When pressure falls to where no sound is heard in the artery and blood flows freely(diastolic pressure)

Question 37

What is systolic pressure

Answer 37

Blood flow starts (detected as a pulse)

Question 38

What is diastolic pressure

Answer 38

Blood flows freely (no pulse detected)

Question 39

What is a typical reading in a sphygmomanometer

Answer 39

120/80 mmHg

Question 40

What is hypertension

Answer 40

Chronic(prolonged) high blood pressure

Question 41

What is hypertension a major risk for

Answer 41

For many diseases including coronary heart disease (CVD)