Unit 1: reproductive system

Question 1

The testes are the sight of :

Answer 1

The male gamete (sperm) production

The manufacturer of the male sex hormone - testosterone

Question 2

What is sperm

Answer 2

The male gamete (sex cell)

Question 3

What is testosterone

Answer 3

The male sex hormone

Question 4

Where in the body can seminiferous tubules be found ?

Answer 4

In the testes , they form cooled tubes that connect to the sperm duct

Question 5

What cells produce testosterone?

Answer 5

Interstitial cells

Question 6

What do interstitial cells produce

Answer 6

Testosterone

Question 7

What does motile mean

Answer 7

Can move

Question 8

What are the 2 main accessory glands

Answer 8

Prostate gland

Seminal vesicles

Question 9

What does the prostate gland do

Answer 9

Secretes a lubricant fluid containing enzymes , keeping the ____ optium viscosity

Question 10

What do the seminal vesicles do

Answer 10

Secrete a thick liquid rich in sugar to give the sperm energy and prostaglandins

Question 11

What are ova

Answer 11

The female gamete (sex cell)

Question 12

What is the function of the ovaries

Answer 12

Produces ova

Question 13

What is the purpose of follicles in the ovary

Answer 13

To protect the developing ovum and settees hormones

Question 14

What produces oestrogen ?

Answer 14

The follicle

Question 15

What does oestrogen do in the menstruated cycle

Answer 15

Simulates proliferation of the endrometruim and effects the consistency of cervical mucus

Question 16

What does the corpus luteum make

Answer 16

Progesterone

Question 17

How does the follicle become the corpus luteum

Answer 17

High levels of Lh stimulates the follicle

Question 18

What does progesterone do

Answer 18

Stimulates further vascularisation of the endometrial and remains at a high level if fertilisation occurs until the placenta takes over

Question 19

What makes progesterone

Answer 19

The corpus luteum

Question 20

At puberty what does the pituitary gland release

Answer 20

FSH LH for woman FSH ICSH for men

Question 21

What is the hypothalamus target

Answer 21

The pituitary gland

Question 22

What does icsh stand for

Answer 22

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Question 23

What does FHS stand for

Answer 23

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 24

What does FSH do in men

Answer 24

Stimulates sperm production in the seminiferous tubles

Question 25

What does LH stand for

Answer 25

Lutenising hormone

Question 26

What does LH do

Answer 26

Stimulates ovulation and brings the development of corpus luteum

Question 27

What is proliferation

Answer 27

Cell devision

Question 28

What are the 2 phases of the menstual cycle

Answer 28

Follicular phase and literal phase

Question 29

In the follicular phase what proliferatates

Answer 29

The endometrium preparing it for implantation

Question 30

Why does proliferation only happen in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle

Answer 30

As the endometrium thickens very quick here

Question 31

Can you mention proliferation in the literal phase

Answer 31

NO ! or development- you must say that it is further developing or further vascularisation

Question 32

What are the 2 different types of fertility

Answer 32

Continuously and cycly

Question 33

How do you know if the female is fertile

Answer 33

Body temperature rises 0.5° and cervical mucus thins

Question 34

What are the treatments for infertility

Answer 34

Stimulating ovulation Artificial insemination Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injectio(ICSI) In Vito fertilisation (IVF)

Question 35

What happens in stimulation ovulation ? To treat infertility

Answer 35

Drugs given to prevent negative feedback of oestrogen on FSH OR Drugs which mimic FEH and LH which can cause super ovulation

Question 36

Describe artificial insemination

Answer 36

Semen samples are collected over a period of time and are inserted into the female reproductive tract. Useful for men with low sperm count or a doner sperm can be used

Question 37

Describe ICSI

Answer 37

Sperm is drawn into a needle and injected straight into the egg

Question 38

Describe IVF

Answer 38

Egg is removed by surgery after hormone stimulated (super ovulation) then mixed with sperm. The zygotes are then incubated until 8 cells and then implanted into it he uterus.

Question 39

What can be done during IVF

Answer 39

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis PGD is used to identify single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities

Question 40

What does PGD test for

Answer 40

Single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities

Question 41

What are the 2 types of contraception

Answer 41

Physical and chemical

Question 42

What are the physical contraception methods

Answer 42

Barrier methods IUD sterilisation

Question 43

What are the chemical contraception methods

Answer 43

Pills | Implants

Question 44

What does the morning after pill do

Answer 44

Combination of synthetic hormones that mimic negative feedback preventing FSH/LH production , prevent ovulation or implantation

Question 45

What does the mini pill/progesterone only pill do

Answer 45

Causes thickening of cervical mucus

Question 46

What are the 2 types of scans

Answer 46

Dating scan & anomaly scan

Question 47

When does a dating scan take place

Answer 47

8-14 weeks

Question 48

When does an anomaly scan take place

Answer 48

18-20 weeks

Question 49

What can anomaly scans detect

Answer 49

Physical abnormalities in the foetus

Question 50

What does a screening test indicate

Answer 50

A possibility of a condition

Question 51

What is a diagnostic test used for

Answer 51

To test for a spesfic condition

Question 52

How does amniocentesis work

Answer 52

By taking a sample of the amiotic fluid by using a fine needle inserted through the stomach and uterus wall.

Question 53

What do blood and urine tests test for

Answer 53

Check for different chemical markers. An atypical chemical concentration can lead to diagnostic test. If carried out at the wrong time can lead to results being a faulse negitive or positive.

Question 54

How does CVS work

Answer 54

By taking a sample of placenta cells, this is done through the vagina using a very fine needle tube.

Question 55

What has a higher risk of miscarriage? Aminocentesis pe CVS

Answer 55

CVS (chorionic villus sampling)

Question 56

Definition of karyotype

Answer 56

Individuals chromosomes as homologous pairs

Question 57

What are the patterns of inheritance in autosomal recessive

Answer 57

- trait relative rare | - trait may skip generations

Question 58

What are the patterns of inheritance in autosomal dominant

Answer 58

- trait in every generation - each sufferer has an effected parent - all non sufferers must be homozygous recessive hh - if failed to appear in a generation it dies out

Question 59

What are the patterns of inheritance in autosomal incomplete dominant

Answer 59

- full dominant is rare - heterozygous is more common - full sufferer has both parents with partial

Question 60

What are the patterns of inheritance in sex linked

Answer 60

- XX, XY - many more males effected than females - Passes from mother to son - fathers can not pass down to son

Question 61

What is the difference of antenatal & postnatal

Answer 61

Antenatal is during pregnancy- postnatal is after birth

Question 62

What test is done during postnatal

Answer 62

Metabolic disorder - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is tested for by a heel prick

Question 63

What is PKU

Answer 63

A mutation which causes the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine to be non functional

Question 64

How do u help sufferes of PKU

Answer 64

Give them a restricted diet