Unit 1 Test 1 Chap 1-3 Flashcards
Name and describe the 3 R’s of Animal Ethics.
Reduction - As little number of animals as possible.
Refinement - Minimal pain for animals.
Replacement - Find alternatives for animals.
Name and describe the 3 variables in a scientific experiment.
Independent: Changed
Dependent: Measured
Controlled: Kept the same (3 or more)
Name 5 abiotic environmental factors
- Ambient temperature
- Water temperature
- Soil temperature
- Soil texture
- Soil colour
- Soil pH
- Light intensity
- Wind speed
- Water pH
- Water depth
What do you need to have to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot?
- 1500 species of endemic vascular plants found nowhere else in the world.
- Have to have lost 70% of primary native vegetation
Define: Gene
- A section of DNA in a chromosome that encodes an instruction, usually for a specific protein, which, when expressed, may affect a certain characteristic.
Define: Gene Pool
- The sum of all the genes, including all of their different forms, in a given population of one species
Define: Species
- A group of morphologically similar organisms that share a gene pool
Define: Ecosystem
- All the organisms in a particular area, along with the non-living components of their environment, and all their interactions
Define: Biosphere
- All the environments on Earth that organisms inhabit
Define: Community
- A group of populations living together
Define: Habitat
- The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
Define: Environment
- The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
Define: Population
- A group of interbreeding organisms [same species], occupying a defined area during a specific time
Define: Niche
- Refers to functional position of an organism in its environment, including the habitat where it lives the time it is active, and the resources it uses.
Why do we study biodiversity? (4 points)
- Ecosystem processes are essential to survival
- Education and Cultural benefits
- Contributes to food production, water, fuel, drugs and climate control.
- Tourism helps economy.
What are the limitations to the biological species model?
- Cannot apply to fossils or extinct organisms.
- Cannot broaden evolutionary knowledge.
What are the Kingdoms that make up Domain Eukarya?
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Prostita
- Fungi
How do we characterise organisms? (3 marks)
- Physical (Morphological) (Hair/No hair)
- Reproduction Method (Asexual/Sexual)
- Molecular (DNA Sequence)
What are the 4 classifications in Kindom Plantae? Key feature of each.
- Bryophyte (Non vascular land plant (moss))
- Pteridophyte (Seedless vascular plant (Fern))
- Gymnosperm (Pollen + Naked Seeds (Conifers))
- Angiosperms (Flowers/Fruit)
3 Characteristics of a monocotyledon (monocot)
- 1 cotyledon
- Fibrous root system
- Parallel Veins
3 Characteristics of a dicotyledon (diocot)
- 2 cotyledons
- Taproot system
- net-like veins
What is a hybrid organism?
A hybrid organism is an offspring of two different species. A hybrid is infertile and therefore not able to reproduce. An example is the mule or the wolphin
What is the morphological species concept characterised by?
Physical appearance
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
The idea that all organisms trace back to a single common ancestor.
