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AP Human Geography > Unit-1 Test > Flashcards

Unit-1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

How can regions be defined?

A

One or more unifying characteristics (human or physical) or patterns of activity.

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of region classification?

A

1: Formal
2: Functional
3: Vernacular/perceptual

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3
Q

A formal region is…?

A 
United by one or more specific traits such as:
Economic 
Social 
Political 
Environmental
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4
Q

What are Reference Maps?

A

General information/navigation/location.

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5
Q

Explain the difference between a reference map and a thematic map.

A

A reference map focussis on distance, roads and travel, where as a thematic map focusus on a subject/ topic that the author is trying to convey.

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6
Q

what are the types of reference maps?

A

Political - states/countries/capitals
Physical- natural features
Road- highways, streets, etc.

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7
Q

What is a Thematic Map?

A

communicate information about a place - spatial aspects - what is it like there.

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8
Q

What are they types of thematic maps?

A 
Choropleth 
Dot-Density
Graduated/Proportional Symbol 
Cartogram 
Isoline & Topographic
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9
Q

What are Choropleth Maps?

A

Use various colors, shades of one color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

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10
Q

What are Dot-Density maps?

A

Each dot represents a specified quantity of a spatial characteristic.

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11
Q

What are Graduated/ Proportional Symbol maps?

A

Use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of
a variable.

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12
Q

what are Cartogram maps?

A

Maps where the sizes of countries are shown according to a specific variable. Area is distorted to show a variable.

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13
Q

what are Isoline maps?

A

Maps that use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space. Used for weather and elevation.

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14
Q

In maps what dose Absolute Location consist of?

A

EXACT, PRECISE LOCATION
Address
Latitude & Longitude
Rio de Janeiro is located at 23°S, 43°W.

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15
Q

In maps what dose Relative Location consist of?

A

Relationship to another place
Next to my house
Between Werk & Lawrence

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16
Q

In maps what is Absolute Distance?

A

EXACT, PRECISE
Miles/Kilometers/Feet
Oak Hills is 21.3 miles away from my house.
Map Scale

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17
Q

What is the Census?

A

A Mandated poll by the Constitution.
It Represents voting & Democracy
and the Distribution of public funding for:
Schools, Law Enforcement, Fire Department, Highways, Infrastructure, Personal, government, and business decision making.

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18
Q

In maps what is Relative Distance?

A

Spatial Interaction: Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places.
Amazon has drastically decreased the relative distance between consumers and products.

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19
Q

In maps what is Absolute Direction?

A

EXACT, PRECISE

Cardinal Directions: NSEW

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20
Q

In maps what is Relative Direction?

A

Remember, relative relationships.

Turn left at the Target, then right at the second stop-sign

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21
Q

What is Clustering ?

A

Close together
Density - The # of something in a
defined area.

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22
Q

What is Dispersal/Distribution ?

A

Far apart
Distribution - The way something is
spread out over an area.

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23
Q

What is Patterns & Spatial Associations ?

A

Indication that two (or more) phenomena
may be related, associated, or correlated
with one another.

24
Q

What are map projections?

A

Map projections distort spatial relationships in shape, area, distance, and direction.

25
Q

What dose S.A.D.D mean?

A

S- Shape
A-Area
D- Distance
D- Direction

26
Q

What is the Mercator map?

A

The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map presented by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. (Typically the distortion on the map makes countries that are smaller, Huge. Like Greenland being the same size as africa)

27
Q

what is the Robinson map?

A

No major distortions
Purpose- Compromise
but All aspects are slightly distorted.

28
Q

How is data gathered?

A

Fieldwork/Field Observations

29
Q

GIS?

A

Geographic information systems:
Computer system/software stores, analyzes, and displays information from multiple digital maps or data sets.
Thematic and physical layers

30
Q

What are examples of what the GIS could be used for?

A
  • Analysis of crime data
  • Effects of pollution
  • Urban planning
31
Q

GPS?

A

Satellite navigation systems:

  • Satellites orbit the earth and communicate locational information to GPS receivers.
  • Absolute location
32
Q

How is Remote Sensing used?

A

The use of cameras or other sensors mounted on aircraft or satellites which orbit the earth above the atmosphere to collect digital images of the earth’s surface.

33
Q

Identify different methods of geographic data collection.

A

-Geographic Information Systems (GIS) …
-Surveying. …
-Remote Sensing. …
-Maps. …
-Cartography. …
-Geovisualization. …
-Digital Globes. …
-Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)
ETC.

34
Q

When asking about The Spatial Perspective, what dose it consist of?

A
  • What?
  • Where?
  • Why There?
  • Why Care?
  • Patterns
35
Q

What =…?

A

PLACE

36
Q

How do we describe what a location is like?

A

-Sense of Place: Factors that contribute to the uniqueness of a location.
-Cultural Landscape/Built Environment
-Placelessness: A location without a
sense of place. No distinct
attributes.

37
Q

Where =…?

A

LOCATION

38
Q

How do we describe where a place is located?

A
  • Absolute v. Relative
  • Toponym -> Location’s name - usually reflective of the culture & history of a place. Ex: Georgetown, Washington, etc.
  • Site/Physical Landscape: Environmental features of a location; include climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, and elevation.
39
Q

What is Spatial Interaction?

A

Connections, contacts, movement, and flow of things between places.

40
Q

what is distance decay?

A
  • The interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increases.
  • Physical Barriers-> Mtns./Rivers/ Oceans/Deserts
  • Cultural Barriers -> Language/Religion
41
Q

What is Time-Space Compression?

A
  • The increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity which seems to bring humans in distant places closer together.
  • Globalization
  • Increased technology & transportation
42
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another.

43
Q

Define major geographic concepts that illustrate spatial relationships.

A

Spatial concepts include absolute and relative location, space, place, flows, distance decay, time-space compression, and pattern.

44
Q

What is Cultural Ecology?

A

The study of how humans interact or adapt to the environment.

45
Q

What is Environmental Determinism?

A

The belief is that climate and landforms are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal/cultural development.

46
Q

What is Possibilism?

A
  • More modern interpretation.
  • Acknowledges the limitations imposed by the natural environment, but focuses on the role of human culture to modify and respond to the environment to better fit human needs.
47
Q

Explain how major geographic concepts illustrate spatial relationships.

A

absolute and relative location, space, place, flows, distance decay, time-space compression, and pattern.

48
Q

What does Scales of Analysis do?

A

Zooming In & Zooming Out

to tell a story.

49
Q

mall scale maps show?

A

LARGE area with SMALL amounts of data. Zoomed OUT. BIG # on map.

50
Q

Large scale maps show?

A

SMALL area with LARGE amounts of data. Zoomed IN. Small # on map.

51
Q

Global Scale Map - National Level of Analysis?

A

Comparing & contrasting countries of the world.

52
Q

In maps how many regions are there?

A
  • Formal
  • Functional
  • Vernacular/perceptual
53
Q

A formal region is…?

A
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Political
  • Environmental
54
Q

Economic Region

A

When A group of states has similaritys with economic incom and other things to make things more convinant.

55
Q

Social/Cultural Region

A

What is a social cultural region?
A cultural region is a region with people who share common cultural characteristics. Such characteristics include language, political system, religion, foods, customs, and participation in trading networks.

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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