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AP Human Geography > Vocab-2 > Flashcards

Vocab-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Population distribution

A

The way in which people are spread across a given area

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2
Q

Population density

A

the concentration of individuals within a species in a specific geographic locale.

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3
Q

midlatitudes

A

latitudes of the temperate zones or from about 30 to 60 degrees north or south of the equator.

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4
Q

Social stratification

A

the differentiation of a given population into hierarchically superposed classes.

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5
Q

Arithmetic population density

A

the total number of people in any given area as compared to one square unit of land.

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6
Q

Physiological population density

A

the number of people per unit area of arable land.

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7
Q

arable

A

a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be used for growing crops.

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8
Q

Carrying capacity

A

a species’ average population size in a particular habitat.

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9
Q

Agricultural population density

A

total number of farmers per unit of arable land.

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10
Q

redistricting

A

The process of redefining the geographic boundaries of individual election units, such as legislative or congressional districts or county election precincts

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11
Q

overpopulation

A

the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash.(Too many people in an area)

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12
Q

Age-sex composition graph

A

A diagram used to measure all about birth and death rates, age and gender, and how long people can usual live on average. Population Pyramid.

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13
Q

Population pyramid

A

represents the breakdown of the population by gender and age at a given point in time

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14
Q

cohort

A

a group of people sharing a common temporal demographic experience who are observed through time.

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15
Q

Birth deficit

A

the birth of fewer than 2.1 children per family.

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16
Q

Baby boom

A

a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate.

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17
Q

Baby bust

A

A sudden decline in the birthrate, especially the one in the United States and Canada from the early 1960s to the early 1980s.

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18
Q

echo

A

a repetition of sound produced by the reflection of sound waves from a wall, mountain, or other obstructing surface.

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19
Q

a demographic measure of the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region.

A

a demographic measure of the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region.

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20
Q

Potential workforce

A

All persons with residence in the federal territory (resident concept), which exert or search a direct or indirect gainful activity.

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21
Q

Dependent population

A

those who rely on the working population for support

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22
Q

Crude birth rate

A

the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear.

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23
Q

Total fertility rate

A

the average number of children that a woman would have over her childbearing years

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24
Q

overpopulation

A

The policy of the government to slow the population growth by attempting to limit the number of births.

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25
Q

Anti-natalist

A

The policy of the government to slow the population growth by attempting to limit the number of births.

26
Q

Pro-natalist policies

A

a policy implemented in a country to increase population by encouraging births and instituting a culture of reproduction, with the use of incentives.

27
Q

Life Expectancy

A

the age a person can expect to live based on the statistical average for an area

28
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

is the number of resident newborns in a specified geographic area (country, state, county, etc.) dying under one year

29
Q

Demographic

A

the statistical study of human populations.

30
Q

Transition Model

A

a simplified way of looking at the world to make it easier to understand. qer

31
Q

Expansive population pyramid

A

show larger numbers or percentages of the population in the younger age groups, usually with each age group smaller in size or proportion than the one born before it.

32
Q

Epidemiological Transition Model

A

describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death

33
Q

Stationary population pyramid

A

used to describe populations that are not growing.

34
Q

Crude death rate

A

indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyea

35
Q

Rate of natural increase

A

the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid-year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000).

36
Q

immigrants

A

a person who is entering a country from another to make a new home.

37
Q

migrants

A

the movement of humans from one place to another.

38
Q

Demographic Balancing Equation

A

a formula for determining total population change from year to year. The formula itself is pretty basic: total population +/- natural increase +/- net migration = balanced population.

39
Q

Malthusian theory

A

The theory that mass starvation is inevitable because food supplies grow at the same rate while population grows exponentially, leading to the population being much higher than the food supply can handle.

40
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

the belief that population control through the use of contraception is essential for the survival of the earth’s human population.

41
Q

migration

A

the movement of humans from one place to another.

42
Q

Voluntary migration

A

occurs when people CHOOSE to move, this is often for economic reasons for work or for social reasons such as to be closer to family.

43
Q

Push factors

A

people away from their home and include things like war.

44
Q

Pull factors

A

force that draws people to immigrate to a place.

45
Q

asylum

A

the protection from oppression or hardship offered by another country.

46
Q

Intervening obstacles

A

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.

47
Q

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

A

Most migrants move only a short distance.

48
Q

Distance decay

A

how the relationship between two entities generally gets weaker as the separation between them increases.

49
Q

Gravity model of migration

A

used to predict the degree of migration interaction

50
Q

Step migration

A

a migration pattern conceptualized in 1885 by Ernst Georg Ravenstein who observed migration as occurring stage by stage as rural inhabitants move closer to urban areas of growth.

51
Q

Counter migration

A

The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated.

52
Q

Return migration

A

situation where the migrants return to their country of. origin, by their own will, after a significant period of time abroad

53
Q

Forced migration

A

the movements that refugees, migrants, and IDPs make.

54
Q

Internally displaced person

A

have not crossed a border to find safety

55
Q

refugees

A

people who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival.

56
Q

Chain migration

A

the social process by which immigrants from a particular area follow others from that area to a particular destination

57
Q

Ethnic enclaves

A

a geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered and socially and economically distinct from the majority group.

58
Q

xenophobia

A

an aversion or hostility to, disdain for, or fear of foreigners, people from different cultures, or strangers

59
Q

Brain drain

A

Brain drain is defined as the migration of health personnel in search of the better standard of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide.

60
Q

Brain drain

A

Brain drain is defined as the migration of health personnel in search of the better standard of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide.

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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