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Unit 1 Test Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Derived From human activities

A

Anthropogenic

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2
Q

Resources that exist in fixed quantities

A

Nonrenewable

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3
Q

A ____ is an area/property that is owned by no one but available to everyone free of charge. Examples might include air, fish, oceans, Antarctica.

A

Commons

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4
Q

The amount of productive land and water needed to supply a person with resources to live & the community’s ability to absorb/recycle waste & pollution is called

A

Ecological Footprint

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5
Q

What will occur if the demand for a product increases but the supply of that product remains the same?

A

the price will increase

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6
Q

The ability of a specified system to survive and function over a long time, still available to future generations, is called

A

sustainability

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7
Q

A prediction that can be tested through experimentation

A

Hypothesis

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8
Q

Which data would be considered quantitative data describing a fish?

A

22 cm long

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9
Q

The variable in an experiment that is intentionally manipulated by the scientist / the difference between the experimental group and control group

A

Independent

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10
Q

The expansion of urbanized areas into the suburbs or rural areas

A

urban sprawl

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11
Q

The tendency of a shared resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest

A

tragedy of the commons

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12
Q

knowledge, belief, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people

A

Culture

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13
Q

the study of good and bad/ right and wrong (moral principles or values by person or society)

A

Ethics

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14
Q

a social system that converts resources into goods and services

A

Economy

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15
Q

the use of resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability of resources

A

Sustainable development

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16
Q

All live has intrinsic value

A

biocentrism

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17
Q

Only human life has intrinsic value

A

anthropocentrism

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18
Q

Living and nonliving things in a system have intrinsic value

A

ecocentrism

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19
Q

Social movement and field of study that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws and the elimination of disparities

A

Environmental Justice

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20
Q

measure of the number of different forms of life in an ecosystem or in the whole biosphere

A

biodiversity

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21
Q

Allows the use of resources without depriving future generations of those resources

A

sustainability

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22
Q

Widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on Earth

A

mass extinction

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23
Q

A cost that is not directly associated with manufacturers, buyers, or sellers

A

externality

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24
Q

Wrote Silent Spring, brought public attention to DDT and other pesticides

A

Rachel Carson

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25
Coined the phrase “Tragedy of the Commons” Felt that commons must be privatized or managed by legislation.
Garrett Hardin
26
Wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population”. Discusses distress of resources as population increases
Thomas Malthus
27
Proposed that caring for a commons could be done successfully, organized from the ground-up and shaped by cultural norms
Elinor Ostrom
28
Wildlife manager, author, and philosopher who wrote A Sand County Almanac and Land Ethic. Advocated a strong relationship between humans and the environment.
Aldo Leopold
29
Environmentalist, transcendentalist, author of Walden, left civilization to live on Walden Pond
Henry David Thoreau
30
Father of the national parks, founder of Sierra Club
John Muir
31
The people of Easter Island who carved enormous stone statues
Rapa Nui
32
River fire that influenced the creation of the EPA and the Clean Water Act
Cuyahoga
33
Industrial accident / gas leak that killed thousands, and injured hundreds of thousands of people in India
Bhopal
34
1986 nuclear power plant disaster
Chernobyl
35
1st National Park
Yellowstone
36
considered by the Department of Energy (DOE) as a “permanent disposal” site for the United States' highly radioactive nuclear waste
Yucca Mountain
37
1st National Wildlife Refuge
Pelican Island
38
This law reduces air pollution nationwide, regulates 6 criteria air pollutants
Clean Air Act
39
This law regulates discharge of pollutants into bodies of water in the U.S. and sets wastewater standards for industries.
Clean Water Act
40
This law sets standards for water quality, specifically addressing groundwater.
Safe Drinking Water Act
41
This international agreement reduces the use of pollutants that cause ozone depletion
Montreal Protocol
42
This international agreement reduces the use of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change
Kyoto Protocol
43
Also known as “Superfund”, this law passed in 1980 assigns liability for release of hazardous wastes and established a trust fund for cleanup of hazardous wastes.
CERCLA
44
International agreement that regulates wildlife trade to safeguard species from overexploitation
CITES
45
U.S. law designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction
ESA
46
Prohibits the use of food additives that have not been tested or were found to cause cancer
Delaney Clause
47
When someone believes that something in nature has intrinsic value he or she believes _______.
that things in nature have value for their own sake regardless of their use to others
48
What ethical perspective would you ascribe to someone who makes environmental choices based on a respect for just the living things in an ecosystem?
biocentrism
49
Which type of ethics dictates the sustainable use of natural resources while also managing them wisely?
conservation
50
Members of the _____ movement would be very concerned about the unequal exposure of members of a certain race to pollution.
environmental justice
51
Which approach assists consumers in choosing products that are grown or manufactured with environmentally friendly methods?
ecolabeling
52
What are nonmarket values?
values for items such as ecosystem services that are not usually included in the price of a good or service
53
In a subsistence economy, individuals _______.
meet most of their needs from nature, but may trade for local goods made by different clans or families
54
Which of the following is a type of ecosystem service in the United States?
production of clean water for human consumption production of oxygen by trees pollination of apple, orange, and peach trees All of the listed choices are examples of ecosystem services.
55
A company that produces household cleaners decides to produce a "green" version of its products, even though the formulas are virtually unchanged compared to the original formulas. This is an example of _______.
Greenwashing
56
Which of the following requires those responsible for pollution to cover the cost of repairing the damage?
the polluter-pays principle
57
Anyone who spends time or money trying to influence an elected official's decisions about legislation is engaging in __________.
Lobbying
58
In the policy-making process, science is _________
only one of the factors that influence policy makers
59
Private, voluntary efforts to keep the "tragedy of the commons" in check are often less effective than mandated public policy because of _______.
the free-rider predicament
60
If we assume that donations are a sign of successful lobbying, which of the following is currently most successful at lobbying in the United States?
the American Petroleum Institute
61
The publication of which book was noted as one of the landmark events starting the third wave of environmental policy?
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
62
The first major era of U.S. environmental policy _______.
addressed public land management and encouraged western expansion
63
Most of the environmental progress made over the past few decades has come about through __________ methods.
command-and-control
64
Environmental science is the study of ___.
how the Earth works how we interact with and affect the environment how to deal with environmental problems all of these
65
As the price of a good increases, the number of buyers willing to purchase that good __.
decreases
66
In an experiment, the _______ is the “normal situation” that you use to compare data to.
Control
67
ability of a given biologically productive area to generate an on-going supply of renewable resources and to absorb its spillover wastes
biocapacity
68
when the footprint of a population exceeds the biocapacity of the area available to that population.
ecological deficit
69
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
ecological footprint
70
when the biocapacity exceed the ecological footprint of a population
ecological reserve

APES😉 (2 decks)

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