Unit 3 (part 1) Flashcards
(33 cards)
Darwin’s finches (13 species that arose from one ancestral species) are a good example of this biological principle
adaptive radiation
Members of the same species are prevented from interbreeding because they live on opposite sides of a mountain range
geographical isolation
Because its environment changed, the early horse (Eohippus) was replaced by the modern one-toed horse due to an accumulation of adaptive changes over many generations
natural selection
Two dissimilar species become similar due to living in similar environmental conditions, such as a dolphin and a shark
convergent evolution
Introduced species can often be described as __, outcompeting __ species in a given region.
generalists; native
Which is most significant in determining the diversity of an ecosystem?
number of species present
Native to only one area
endemic
Transplanted from one ecosystem to another, may be detrimental
exotic / invasive
Their loss would have a disproportionately large effect on the ecosystem
keystone
A species that creates or enhances their habitat to the benefit of other species
foundation
Provides early warning of damage to an ecosystem
indicator
Which of the following best describes a population?
all of the members of one species living in an area
A specialist faces ____ competition for resources and has ____ ability to adapt to environmental changes. A generalist faces ___ competition for resources and has ____ ability to adapt to environmental changes.
less, less, greater, greater
Which of the following statements about mutations is incorrect?
All mutations are harmful.
When humans control the reproduction of organisms over many generations to produce desired traits
artificial selection
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species.
The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called
competitive exclusion
The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that
primary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and secondary does not
The biggest threat to species diversity is…
loss of habitat
Which of the following would be considered a niche specialist?
panda
Which of the following are measurements used to measure diversity within an ecosystem?
species richness and evenness
Rate of new species immigrating to an isolated habitat should balance the rate of species extinction in that habitat
species equilibrium model
Proposed the theory of island biogeography
E.O. Wilson
If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be
partitioning resources
