Unit 1 Test

Question 1

a genetically based change in a line of descent over time

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

what 2 types is evolution broken down into?

Answer 2

micro and macro evolution

Question 3

small changes over time

Answer 3

micro evolution

Question 4

major changes over time

Answer 4

macro evolution

Question 5

when does micro evolution occur?

Answer 5

occurred in the recent past to present

Question 6

when does macro evolution occur?

Answer 6

occurred a long time ago

Question 7

which type of evolution has visible changes and evidence that is plentiful and obvious?

Answer 7

micro evolution (height and mottled moth)

Question 8

which type of evolution has evidence that is sparse and there are no intermediates to believe?

Answer 8

macro evolution (must trust historical data

Question 9

when assessing data, what should be true for its probability to be correct?

Answer 9

the probability must outweigh the possibility

Question 10

when superficially similar traits evolve independently in different species

Answer 10

convergent evolution

Question 11

this is when an adaptation in one species leads to adaptation in another

Answer 11

co-evolution

Question 12

a learned behavior that is passed on from one parent to offspring

Answer 12

cultural evolution

Question 13

remains of organisms that that no longer exist

Answer 13

fossils

Question 14

formation of distinct layers in rock

Answer 14

soil stratification

Question 15

looking at similar and dissimilar structures in organisms

Answer 15

comparative anatomy

Question 16

structures with similar internal anatomy yet different functions

Answer 16

homologous structures

Question 17

structures with a similar function yet different anatomy

Answer 17

analogous structure

Question 18

structures with no apparent purpose

Answer 18

vestigial structures

Question 19

the embryo of many vertebrates are nearly identical at early stages of development

Answer 19

comparative embryology

Question 20

all organisms use the same ATP, 20 amino acids, DNA, and RNA

Answer 20

comparative biochemistry

Question 21

theory that all life evolved from a primordial soup

Answer 21

pre-biotic synthesis theory

Question 22

the 4 theories of evolution

Answer 22

pre-biotic synthesis, monomer, polymer, and cellular

Question 23

the module where speciation occurs after species become isolated with each group slowly continuing on its own evolutionary pathway

Answer 23

gradualistic module

Question 24

the module where periods of no change are interrupted by speciation

Answer 24

punctuated equilibrium module

Question 25

the breeding of organisms with a specific desired outcome or the selection of specific traits for our purposes or reasons

Answer 25

artificial selection

Question 26

the change in the genetics of a population over many generations

Answer 26

evolution

Question 27

deals with frequency, distribution, and inheritance of alleles in a population

Answer 27

population genetics

Question 28

the total of all the alleles for that gene in a population

Answer 28

gene pool

Question 29

the total of all alleles for all genes in a population

Answer 29

total gene pool

Question 30

the relative proportion of different alleles

Answer 30

allele frequency

Question 31

population in which allele frequency and distribution of genotypes remain constant from one generation to the next

Answer 31

equilibrium population

Question 32

the flow of genes between populations

Answer 32

migration

Question 33

genes going out

Answer 33

emigration

Question 34

genes going in

Answer 34

immigrations

Question 35

changes in allele frequency of a small population by chance

Answer 35

genetic drift

Question 36

when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in size leaving few organisms to contribute genetics to future generations

Answer 36

population bottleneck

Question 37

occurs in isolated population founded by few individuals

Answer 37

founder effect

Question 38

one male and multiple females

Answer 38

hareem mating

Question 39

choosing mates with traits similar to themselves

Answer 39

assortative selection

Question 40

the selecting is "always" done by one sex

Answer 40

sexual selection

Question 41

the organisms best adapted to their environment survive, the least adapted die

Answer 41

natural selection

Question 42

selects for one extreme and against the average and the other extreme

Answer 42

directional selection

Question 43

selects for the average and against the extremes

Answer 43

stabilizing selection

Question 44

selects for both extremes and against the average

Answer 44

disruptive selection

Question 45

when 2 or more alleles are maintained in a population because each is favored by a distinct selective force

Answer 45

balanced polymorphism

Question 46

the major photosynthetic group on earth, the simplest eukaryotes

Answer 46

protists

Question 47

help ruminant animals digest cellulose

Answer 47

stomach microbes

Question 48

remove dead material

Answer 48

breakdown bacteria

Question 49

single prokaryotic cells

Answer 49

bacteria

Question 50

the 3 ways to classify bacteria

Answer 50

color, shape, and locomotion

Question 51

the 3 classic shapes of bacteria

Answer 51

bacilli, cocci, and spirillia

Question 52

these help bacteria escape detection by your immune system

Answer 52

capsules

Question 53

these help bacteria adhere to surfaces

Answer 53

slime layers

Question 54

fuzz that helps bacteria attach to surfaces

Answer 54

pili

Question 55

long whiplike extension of the plasma membrane

Answer 55

flagella

Question 56

type of bacteria that contains something to cause them to align with the earth's magnetic fields

Answer 56

magnetotactic bacteria

Question 57

provide a mechanism for travel and protect the bacteria in bad environments

Answer 57

spores

Question 58

reproduction that produces an identical copy of the bacteria

Answer 58

asexual reproduction

Question 59

reproduction that is a transfer of genetic material through a tube

Answer 59

sexual reproduction

Question 60

where do bacteria live?

Answer 60

everywhere that they are specific for

Question 61

what are the different ways bacteria get nutrients

Answer 61

photosynthesis, chemosynthetic, cellulose, and anaerobes

Question 62

cause disease or disease like symptoms

Answer 62

pathogen

Question 63

the 2 ancient protists

Answer 63

kinetoplastids and parabasalids

Question 64

flagellated protozoans that parasitize almost all animal groups

Answer 64

kinetoplastids

Question 65

flagellated protozoans that form symbiotic relationships with animals (not parasitic)

Answer 65

parabasalids

Question 66

protist that used to be classified as plasmodial (amoeba)

Answer 66

amoeboid

Question 67

protists that have calcified exoskeletons

Answer 67

rhizopods

Question 68

protists that have "ray feet" (radiolarians and heliozoans)

Answer 68

actinopods

Question 69

protists that have an outer membrane sack under the outer membrane for stability (aveolates)

Answer 69

ciliates

Question 70

protists that are all parasitic and many cause serious human illnesses

Answer 70

sporozoans

Question 71

protists that are marine phytoplankton and cause the red tide

Answer 71

dinoflagellates

Question 72

fungi

Answer 72

oomycetes

Question 73

the 4 types of photosynthetic stramenophiles

Answer 73

chrysophyta, phaeophyta, chlorophyta, and rhodophyta

Question 74

free living algae

Answer 74

chrysophyta

Question 75

brown algae

Answer 75

phaeophyta

Question 76

green algae

Answer 76

chlorophyta

Question 77

red algae

Answer 77

rhodophyta

Question 78

the 2 types of slime molds

Answer 78

cellular slime molds and plasmodial slime molds