Unit 1 Test

Question 0

Poisoned by 02

Answer 0

Obligate anaerobe

Question 1

Not present in all bacteria, the ______ enables those bacteria that posses it to germinate after exposure to harsh conditions

Answer 1

Endospore

Question 2

Used light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2

Answer 2

Photoautotroph

Question 3

Uses CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing CH4 as a waste product

Answer 3

Methanogens

Question 4

Thrive in very hot environments

Answer 4

Extreme thermophiles

Question 5

Which of the following cellular components would be found in bacteria, but is generally lacking in Protista (including protozoans)

Answer 5

Cell wall

Question 6

The intermediate host in the life cycle of a blood fluke is

Answer 6

A Gastropod mollusk

Question 7

Fungi that lack partitions are called

Answer 7

Coenocytic

Question 8

The sexual life cycle of fungi, the term plasmids my refers to

Answer 8

The fusion of two parents cytoplasm

Question 9

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also

Answer 9

Triploblastic

Question 10

Which of the following is likely a cause for the Cambrian explosion of animal diversity

Answer 10

Predators acquired adaptations that helped them catch prey, Prey species acquired new defenses such as shells, a rise in atmospheric oxygen levels, evolution of the Hox gene complex

Question 11

Corals are most closely related to

Answer 11

Sea anomones

Question 12

All of the following characterize the phylum Rotifera except

Answer 12

A relatively large size and worm-like body plan

Question 13

Which of the following phyla do not have blind-sac body plans (a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening)?

Answer 13

Annelida (polychaete worms, earthworms, leeches)

Question 14

Which of the following is not an advantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?

Answer 14

Enhances sensory perceptions

Question 15

Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of the Chordata?

Answer 15

A bong skeleton of calcium phosphate

Question 16

What is a distinctive feature of the chondrichthyans?

Answer 16

A cartilaginous endoskeleton

Question 17

Which of the following is not a primate characteristic?

Answer 17

Dextrous hand with opposable thumb in many species, hair, ability to produce milk, eyes close together in face

Question 18

Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells include all of the following except

Answer 18

Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes

Question 19

Which structures afford bacteria the ability to withstand unfavorable conditions?

Answer 19

Capsules, plasmids, and endospores

Question 20

Near deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where there is no access to sunlight, one may encounter complex communities dissolved in the vent fluids. Such communities are most likely dependent on _______ as their primary producers

Answer 20

Chemoautotrophs

Question 21

An individual mixtotroph loses it’s plastids (chloroplasts), yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for it’s continued survival?

Answer 21

It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption

Question 22

Which diseases are caused by a kinetoplastid?

Answer 22

Chagas Disease, African Sleeping Sickness, and Leishmaniasis

Question 23

What’s the primary role of mushrooms underground mycelium?

Answer 23

Nutrient absorption

Question 24

What's the correct sequence of events in the sexual life cycle of fungi?

Answer 24

Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and Meiosis

Question 25

One piece of evidence consistent with the hypothesis that Chytrids diverged earliest in fungal evolution is the presence of ______ in this phylum

Answer 25

Flagellated zoospores

Question 26

How are vascular plants that are evolved in mychorrhizae and the photosynthetic cells that are involved in lichens alike?

Answer 26

They provide organic nutrients to fungal partners

Question 27

What does penicillin do to gram-negative cells?

Answer 27

Inhibits x-link formation, interferes with cell wall function

Question 28

What's the difference between a capsule and a slime-layer?

Answer 28

Both are secreted as a protective layer, but a capsule is well-defined and a slime layer has no definite shape

Question 29

What's a fimbriae?

Answer 29

Hair-like appendages that prokaryotes use to stick to a substrate

Question 30

What are endospores?

Answer 30

Resistant cells used to withstand harsh conditions, which are formed when the prokaryote is lacking an essential nutrient

Question 31

How are endospores formed?

Answer 31

They're formed from the original cell producing a copy of it's chromosomes, surrounds that copy with a tough multilayered structure

Question 32

What are spirochetes known for?

Answer 32

Their corkscrew motion

Question 33

Define taxis

Answer 33

Directional movement

Question 34

Define chemotaxis

Answer 34

A motile response prokaryotes give in response to chemicals

Question 35

Define positive chemotaxis

Answer 35

When the prokaryote moves towards the nutrients or oxygen

Question 36

Define negative chemotaxis

Answer 36

Prokaryote moves away from toxins

Question 37

Define phototaxis

Answer 37

A molitile response prokaryotes give in response to light

Question 38

Which two antibiotics bind to prokaryotic ribosomes and blocks protein synthesis

Answer 38

Erythromycin and tetracycline

Question 39

Define obligate aerobes

Answer 39

Needs O2 for cellular respiration

Question 40

Define Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 40

Use o2 if present, but can grow anaerobically

Question 41

What are the four major clades of Archaea

Answer 41

Korachaeota, Euryarchaeota, crenarhaeota, and nanoarcheota

Question 42

Define a heterocyst

Answer 42

Carries out nitrogen fixation - surrounded by a thickened cell wall that restricts the entry of O2

Question 43

Define Proteobacteria

Answer 43

Clade of gram-negative bacteria - includes photo autotrophs, chemo autotrophs, and heteroautotrophs

Question 44

Clamydias Urethritis

Answer 44

Clade of gram-neg bacteria - survives only in animal cells - most common STD

Question 45

Define Heteroloboseids

Answer 45

Brain-eating amoeba

Question 46

Define parabasalids

Answer 46

Reduced mitochondria (hydrogenosomes) that generate ATP anaerobically

Question 47

Define euglenozoans

Answer 47

Spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function - includes kinetoplastids and euglenids

Question 48

Define kinetoplastids

Answer 48

Single large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA - called kinetoplast - responsible for several debilitating diseases (Leishmaniasis, Chagas, ASS)

Question 49

What is the definitive host for ASS?

Answer 49

Tsetse fly

Question 50

Definitive host for Chagas?

Answer 50

Reduviid bug

Question 51

Definitive host for Leishmaniasis?

Answer 51

Sandfly

Question 52

Define euglenids

Answer 52

Have 1 or 2 flagella concentrated at one end of the cell - many mixotrophs

Question 53

What is the SAR clade?

Answer 53

Diverse clade classified by DNA

Question 54

What are stamenopiles?

Answer 54

Marine algae that have flagella with numerous, fine, hair-like projections

Question 55

What are diatoms?

Answer 55

Unicellular algae with glass-like walls made of hydrated silica - can withstand immense pressure

Question 56

What are golden algae?

Answer 56

Yellow and brown algae

Question 57

What are brown algae?

Answer 57

Largest and most complex algae, multicellular, "seaweeds"

Question 58

What are alveolates?

Answer 58

Cells with membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli)

Question 59

What are ciliates?

Answer 59

Varied group of Protista named for their cilia

Question 60

What are Chondrichthyes?

Answer 60

Class that contains sharks and rays

Question 61

What are Placoderm?

Answer 61

Class that contains extinct armored fish

Question 62

What are Actinistia?

Answer 62

Coelacanth

Question 63

What are Dipnoi?

Answer 63

Lung fishes

Question 64

What are Amphibia?

Answer 64

First land vertebrates

Question 65

What are the three major groups of mammals?

Answer 65

Monotremes, marsupials, and eutherian