Unit 1 Test

Question 1

Public Policy

Answer 1

Public = Government. Policy = what is done.
Public Policy is the study of what the Government does. Depending on where one stands politically, Public Policy can be interpreted in different ways. Political debate in the U.S. centers around Public Policy such as healthcare education war.

Question 2

Monarchy (Forms of Gov)

Answer 2

One Ruler who’s power was passed down family to family.

Question 3

Dictatorship (Forms of Gov)

Answer 3

Single person who brought himself to power using military force

Question 4

Theocracy (Forms of Gov)

Answer 4

A system of gov lead by religious leaders

Question 5

Single Party State (Forms of Gov)

Answer 5

One political party has the right to form the government usually based on the the existing constitution.

Question 6

Direct Democracy (Forms of Gov)

Answer 6

Gov in which the people represent themselves and vote directly for new laws and public policy.

Question 7

Parliamentary Democracy (Forms of Gov)

Answer 7

voters elect lawmakers to represent them in the nation’s parliament.

Question 8

Presidential Democracy (Forms of Gov)

Answer 8

A democratic and republican system of gov where a head of gov leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch. This is most often called a President.

Question 9

Gov vs. Politics

Answer 9

Gov = Theory/Structure and Politics = Practice/How its done

Question 10

Political Spectrum

Answer 10

Left Wing: Communism-Socialism-Liberalism-CENTRISM-Conservatism-Statism-Fascism: Right Wing

Question 11

Liberal and Conservative Ideology

Answer 11

Liberals: Big Gov, Change, Federal Gov rights, Pro-Choice, Gun control, welfare, Public education, Affirmative Action, Minority groups.
Conservatives: Small Gov, Stability, State Rights, Pro-Life, little gun control, Less welfare, Private schools, No affirmative actions.

Question 12

Principles of Constitution

Answer 12

1. Popular Sovereignty - Gov created for and by the people
2. Rule of Law - Constitution is above everyone
3. Separation of Power/Checks and Balances - Power is divided, Prevents abuse of power
4. Federalism - Power is divided between national and local gov
5. Judicial Review - Independent branch determines constitutionality
6. Individual Rights - Gov is limited in its powers

Question 13

Three Branches of Gov

Answer 13

1. Legislative (Makes the laws)
   - Congress(house of reps)
2. Executive (Implement the laws)
   - Presidency + Bureaucracy
3. Judicial (Interpret the laws)
   - Supreme Court

Question 14

Structure of the Constitution

Answer 14

Article 1: Legislative Power
Article 2: Executive Power
Article 3: Judicial Branch
Article 4: State's power and limits
Article 5: Amendments
Article 6: Federal Power
Article 7: Ratification

Question 15

Bill of Rights

Answer 15

1. Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, Petition
2. Right to bear Arms
3. No quartering of soldiers
4. No unreasonable search + seizures
5. Due process of law, no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy
6. Right to a speedy and public trial
7. Trial by jury in civil cases
8. No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment
9. Rights not specifically granted to the people in the B.O.R. still belong to the people.
10. Powers not given to national government are given to the states.

Question 16

Formal Amendment Process

Answer 16

• Propose amendment by a two-thirds vote in the House and Senate.
• Propose an amendment by having two-thirds of the states ask Congress to call a convention to debate and then vote on the proposed amendment
• After proposal, Congress chooses one of the two methods for ratifying it. The legislatures in three-fourths of the states can ratify it, or the states can hold special conventions and then three-fourths of the conventions approve it.

Question 17

Unitary (Systems of Gov)

Answer 17

Power is centralized in the national gov. regional gov’s only exercise powers given by national gov.

Question 18

Federal (Systems of Gov)

Answer 18

Power is divided between national and regional gov.

Question 19

Confederate (Systems of Gov)

Answer 19

Power resides in the regions, which are independent states. The central gov gets power from regional gov.

Question 20

Traditional (Economic System)

Answer 20

decisions about what goods and services to produce are made based off of tradition.

Question 21

Market (Economic System)

Answer 21

relies mainly on markets to determine what goods and services to produce.

Question 22

Command (Economic System)

Answer 22

An economic system that relies mainly on the central gov to determine what goods and services to produce.

Question 23

Historical Figures (Influence on Democracy)

Answer 23

Pericles - Wanted Democracy
Cicero - Wanted people to have rights
Archbishop Stephen Langton - Formed Magna Carta
John Somers - Right to free speech
John Locke - Wanted to limit gov power
Baron de Montesquieu - Created separation of powers
John Adams - People should have a say
Thomas Jefferson - Believed in natural rights

Question 24

Expressed (Delegated Powers)

Answer 24

Given to federal gov in constitution. EX: Collect taxes, coin money, regulate trade, etc.

Question 25

Implied (Delegated Powers)

Answer 25

Not stated but implied. EX: Building interstate highways, prohibiting racial discrimination, "commander in chief" in a national emergency.

Question 26

Inherent (Delegated Powers)

Answer 26

Simply because gov's have these roles. EX: Regulate Immigration, acquire territory, grant diplomatic recognition to other states

Question 27

Supremacy Clause

Answer 27

Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

Question 28

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 28

Guy sets up bank in Maryland. Feds raise taxes. Guy says this should be a state issue and he refused to pay taxes. The conviction reached the supreme court and backed the gov using the Supremacy Clause.

Question 29

Dual and Cooperative Federalism

Answer 29

Dual Fed is like a layered cake where the responsibilities are divided between state and Fed and cooperative Fed is like a marble cake where the responsibilities between state and Fed blend together.

Question 30

Categorical grant

Answer 30

`Specific, defined purpose. It must adhere to standards, put in money, set up agency. There are two types: 1. formula Grant (Food stamps). 2. Project Grant (Widening the 101).

Question 31

Block grant

Answer 31

``` More broad (Education, healthcare) More popular with states. ```

Question 32

Checks and Balances Short Answer

Answer 32

• A legislative check on the executive branch - Overrides presidential veto, ratifies treaties, moves to impeach or remove president, declares war • An executive check on the legislative branch - Proposes law, vetos laws, makes appointments to federal post, call special sessions of congress • A judicial check on the legislative branch - May declare laws unconstitutional • A legislative check on the judicial branch - May reject appointments to the Supreme Court - May impeach Supreme Court justices - May propose constitutional amendments to overrule judicial decisions • An executive check on the judicial branch - Appoints judges • A judicial check on the executive branch - May declare executive actions unconstitutional

Question 33

Opposite of Unitary Monarchy with command economy

Answer 33

Federal Presidential Democracy with a Market Economy.