Unit 1 Test Review

Question 1

When did the Big Bang occur?

Answer 1

Approximately 13-15 billion years ago

Question 2

When did galaxies form?

Answer 2

15 billion years after the Big Bang

Question 3

When did stars form?

Answer 3

1 billion years after the Big Bang

Question 4

What are the six pieces of evidence for the Big Bang?

Answer 4

1. Universal expansion
2. Background radiation
3. Quasars
4. Radioactive decay
5. Stellar formation and evolution
6. Speed of light and stellar distances

Question 5

What is fusion?

Answer 5

Low-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus.

Question 6

What is fission?

Answer 6

Atoms split apart to create smaller atoms, releasing energy

Question 7

How are fusion and fission different?

Answer 7

Fusion is the combination of atoms, fission is the separation. Fusion fuels sun and stars. Fission is used in nuclear power plants.

Question 8

How are fusion and fission similar?

Answer 8

Both produce nuclear energy

Question 9

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 9

Radio
Microwave
Infared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray

Question 10

What is the acronym used to remember the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 10

Raging Martians invaded Venus using x-ray guns.

Question 11

What end of the electronic spectrum has higher energy?

Answer 11

The Gamma ray end also has short wavelengths and high frequency.

Question 12

What is a direct relationship?

Answer 12

When one variable increases, so does the other

Question 13

What is an indirect relationship?

Answer 13

When one variable increases, the other decreases, or vice versa

Question 14

What is the photoelectric affect?

Answer 14

Phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

Question 15

Are photons a wave, particle, both, or neither?

Answer 15

Both

Question 16

How do planets form?

Answer 16

Gradual accumulation of material driven by gravity

Question 17

What are the layers of the Earth inside to out, in order?

Answer 17

Inner core, outer core, mesosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, crust.

Question 18

What are the layers of the Earth inside to out, in order of their densities (low to high)

Answer 18

Crust, lithosphere, atmosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core.

Question 19

What are plate tectonics?

Answer 19

The theory that the Earth’s outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that move relative to each other.

Question 20

What are the three types of tectonic plate boundaries?

Answer 20

Convergent, divergent, and transform

Question 21

What is the Ring of Fire?

Answer 21

A ring of extremely active tectonic plates and seismic activity.

Question 22

What is atomic structure?

Answer 22

The structure of an atom that consists of a nucleus and electrons

Question 23

What are protons?

Answer 23

Positively charged particles inside the atom nucleus

Question 24

What are neutrons?

Answer 24

Neutrally charged particles located inside the atom nucleus

Question 25

What are electrons?

Answer 25

Negatively charged particles in energy cloud

Question 26

What is atomic weight/mass?

Answer 26

Average of all known masses of all isotopes of an element

Question 27

What is mass number?

Answer 27

The mass which is specific to an isotope

Question 28

What do protons do?

Answer 28

Determines the atomic number

Question 29

What do electrons do?

Answer 29

Balance out protons, determine the charge of an atom

Question 30

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 30

Positive

Question 31

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 31

Negative

Question 32

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 32

Neutral

Question 33

Where are protons found?

Answer 33

The nucleus of an atom

Question 34

Where are neutrons found?

Answer 34

The nucleus of an atom (with the protons)

Question 35

Where are electrons found?

Answer 35

The energy levels or an electron cloud- NEVER in the nucleus

Question 36

What is an anion?

Answer 36

An atom with a negative charge

Question 37

What is a cation?

Answer 37

An atom with a positive charge

Question 38

What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains electrons?

Answer 38

It becomes negative

Question 39

What happens to the charge of an atom when it loses electrons?

Answer 39

It becomes positive

Question 40

How to calculate the average atomic mass?

Answer 40

Convert % to a decimal by dividing by 100, multiply the decimal by the corresponding mass number, repeat for each isotope, then add all products to find the atomic mass

Question 41

How to find the amount of protons an atom has?

Answer 41

It is the same as the atomic number

Question 42

How to find the mass number?

Answer 42

It is the protons + the neutrons

Question 43

What is ionizing radiation?

Answer 43

Radiation that removes electrons, sparking nuclear decay

Question 44

What are alpha particles?

Answer 44

The first particle discovered being ejected from an unstable nucleus. Has 2 protons, 2 neutrons (He).

Question 45

What are beta particles?

Answer 45

An electron that is ejected. No mass #, just a -1 and e.

Question 46

What are gamma rays (particles)?

Answer 46

Waves, NOT a particle. Shown as 0 over 0 Y.

Question 47

What are half lives?

Answer 47

The average time for half of a nuclear sample to decay/disappear/transmute.

Question 48

What is transmutation?

Answer 48

The changing of one element into another.

Question 49

What is differentiation?

Answer 49

The densest materials are at the center of the Earth, and the least dense materials are at the surface.

Question 50

What parts of the earth's crust are the "mantel"?

Answer 50

Lithosphere, atmosphere, and mesosphere.

Question 51

What can be used to calculate the isotope dates of "organic" objects?

Answer 51

Carbon-14