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Honors Chemistry of Earth and Space > Unit 2 Test Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Weathering is the combination of what two cycles?

A

Rock cycle and water cycle

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2
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

-Physical
-Chemical

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of physical weathering?

A

-frost wedging
-root wedging
-abrasion

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4
Q

What are the two types of chemical weathering?

A

-Oxidation
-Dissolution

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5
Q

What is the other name for the water cycle:

A

The hydraulic cycle

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6
Q

Does the water cycle have a beginning or end?

A

No

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7
Q

What percent of the Earth’s water is in the ocean? What percent is freshwater?

A

97% is in the ocean, 3% is freshwater

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8
Q

What are the 2 main ways for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

-Evaporation
-Transpiration

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9
Q

What is the primary way for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

Evaporation

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10
Q

What is the secondary way for the Earth’s water to be reintroduced into the atmosphere?

A

Transpiration

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11
Q

What percent of the water is reintroduced to the atmosphere using Evaporation?

A

90%

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12
Q

What percent of the water is reintroduced to the atmosphere using transpiration?

A

10%

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13
Q

When does evaporation stop?

A

When the gas (water vapor) becomes saturated enough

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14
Q

Where does evaporation occur the most?

A

Over the ocean

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15
Q

Where does most transpiration occur?

A

Rainforests

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16
Q

What factors affect the rate of transpiration? (6)

A

-Temp
-Humidity
-Precipitation
-Wind
-Land slope
-Soil type and saturation

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17
Q

When does sublimination occur?

A

Very high altitudes, very low temps and pressure

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18
Q

What percent of the Earth’s water is in the atmosphere at any given time?

A

0.001%

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19
Q

How is water returned to the earth?

A

Precipitation

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20
Q

How does water return to the earth AFTER precipitation?

A

-Ground water
-Runoff

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21
Q

-How does ground water get into the earth?

A

Gravity

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22
Q

How are the volume and flow rate of runoff determined?

A

By the amount of solute dissolved into the water

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23
Q

What are the meteorological factors affecting surface runoff?

A

-Types of Precipitation
-Distribution of rainfall over the drainage basin
-Rainfall intensity
-Direction of storm movement
-Amount of Rainfall
-Precipitation that occurred earlier and resulting soil moisture/saturation
-Duration of Rainfall

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24
Q

What are the physical factors that affect surface runoff?

A

-Land use
-Elevation
-Vegetation
-Soil type
-Topography (especially slope of the land)
-Drainage network patterns
-Drainage areas
-Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, sinks, etc…in the basin, which prevent or delay runoff from continuing downstream
-Basin shape

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25
What are the 2 types of mixtures?
Heterogeneous and homogeneous
26
What is the one way of separating heterogeneous mixtures?
Filtration
27
What are the 3 ways to separate homogeneous mixtures?
-chromatography -crystallization -distillation
28
What is the only way to separate pure substances?
Electrolysis
29
How to tell if a substance on a heating curve is a gas?
Gas decrease in solubility as temperature increases (it will be an indirect relationship/have a negative slope)
30
How can solutions be expressed?
Through qualitative and quantitative statements
31
How is concentration expressed in a qualitative statement?
As diluted or concentrated
32
What do we do when a solution needs to be described in a quantitative way?
It is referred to as morality
33
How is morality calculated?
Calculated through the use of the amount of solvent and solute that is presented in the solution to determine its concentration, in a numerical form.
34
What are the three factors that affect solubility?
- nature of the solvent -temperature -not pressure if solid/liquid, yes pressure if a gas
35
What is the nature of a solvent?
“like dissolved like”. AKA: polar substances dissolve polar substances, non-polar substances dissolve non-polar substances
36
Is the solubility of solids and liquid affected by pressure?
No
37
Is the solubility of solids and liquids affected by temperature?
Yes
38
Is the solubility of gases affected by pressure?
Yes
39
Is the solubility of gases affected by temperature?
No
40
Do solids have a low or high level of energy?
Low
41
Do solids have volume?
Yes
42
What do solids do when moving?
Vibrate
43
Do liquids have a definite shape?
No
44
Do liquids have a definite volume?
Yes
45
How much energy do liquids have?
A medium amount
46
Liquids ______ while moving
Move around quickly in a container
47
How tightly are liquids packed together?
Loosely
48
How tightly are solids packet together?
Very tightly
49
Do gases have a definite volume?
No
50
Do gases take up space?
No
51
Are gases packed together?
No
52
How much energy do gases have?
A lot
53
Gases ____ when moving
Move freely about
54
When energy is ______, particles move faster
Added
55
When energy is _______, particles move slower
Removed
56
When energy is added to solids, it becomes _____
A liquid
57
When energy is added to gases, it become _______
Plasma
58
When energy is taken away from plasma, it becomes ______
A gas
59
When energy is taken away from gases, it becomes a _______
Liquid
60
When energy is taken away from liquids, it becomes _________
A solid
61
Energy is _______ during a phase change
Constant/static
62
During a phase change, energy is considered __________
Potential energy
63
During temperature and energy increases or decreases, this is considered _________
Kinetic energy
64
Energy _______ as temperature increases
Increases
65
Energy _______ as temperature decreases
Decreases
66
Heat is our form of _______
Energy
67
What does every element on the periodic table have?
A melting, freezing, and boiling point
68
Is energy added/removed during melting?
Added
69
What is the process of going from a solid to a gas?
Sublimination
70
What is the process of going from plasma to a gas?
Recombination
71
What is the process of going from a gas to plasma?
Ionization
72
What is the process of going from a gas to a solid?
Deposition
73
What are the 8 Properties of water
Polarity Universal Solvent Density Cohesive Capillary action Surface tension Adhesive High heat capacity
74
What does it mean to be a universal solvent?
To have the ability to dissolve a multitude of different polar substances

Honors Chemistry of Earth and Space (6 decks)

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