Unit 1: The Italian Renaissance

Question 1

Spread in the 15th century

Answer 1

started in Italy, spread across Europe

Question 2

Renaissance Main Ideas

Answer 2

revival of classical texts and new humanist values

Question 3

Renaissance New Ideas

Answer 3

scientific and secular views

Question 4

European Renaissance Society

Answer 4

growing national consciousness and political centralization

Question 5

European Renaissance Economy

Answer 5

urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism

Question 6

European Renaissance Culture

Answer 6

secular thought and culture

Question 7

City- States

Answer 7

controlled political and economic life

Question 8

City-State Social Structure

Answer 8

led to new class of urban rich made up of local nobility and newly rich

Question 9

5 major city-states

Answer 9

Milan, Florence, Venice, Naples, and the Papal States

Question 10

Oligarchies

Answer 10

hired strongmen to maintain law and order, used absolute power in a cruel way

Question 11

Rise of Diplomacy

Answer 11

rise of warfare and political turbulence

Question 12

Despotism

Answer 12

despots (oligarchies) created embassies and appointed ambassadors

Question 13

Printing Press

Answer 13

spread ideas and dissemination of knowledge from classical and modern texts

Question 14

Challenges to the legitimacy of the Catholic Church

Answer 14

definition of intellectual changed, legitimacy of “intellectuals” in power challenged

Question 15

Individualism

Answer 15

the separation of one’s self from the crown and divine being

Question 16

Catholic Church and Universities

Answer 16

power and teachings challenged with basis of secularism and individualism

Question 17

Education Shift

Answer 17

towards classical texts and scientific methods

Question 18

Naturalism

Answer 18

to portray human philosophical ideals by portraying art and the environment realistically

Question 19

Geometric Perspective

Answer 19

geometric line and vanishing point to give illusion of depth and space to painting

Question 20

Focus on Art

Answer 20

concept of patronage and interest in art grew

Question 21

Religious Ideals

Answer 21

illegitimacy of the Catholic Church encouraged individual approaches to religion

Question 22

“Renaissance Man”

Answer 22

humanism and centering man in everything lead to idea of well-rounded individual

Question 23

Lorenzo Valla

Answer 23

gave humanist movement ideas of illegitimate papal authority

Question 24

Donatello

Answer 24

sculptured from marble, bronze, and wood that used individuality to represent anatomy correctly

Question 25

Italian Renaissance Texts

Answer 25

emphasis on classical texts

Question 26

Italian Renaissance Art

Answer 26

more mythological depictions, less everyday naturalism

Question 27

Italian Renaissance reform

Answer 27

less on religion and more on intellectual reforms in history, literature, and human anatomy

Question 28

Political Fragmentation

Answer 28

secular states popularized

Question 29

Jean Bodin

Answer 29

believed sovereignty must be absolute and undivided

Question 30

Hugo Grotius

Answer 30

created modern policies and theories for resorting to war

Question 31

Merchants and Financiers during Spanish Monarchial expansion

Answer 31

gaining power and ascending in social strata

Question 32

Main Idea #1

Answer 32

Revival of classical texts led to new methods and values in society and religion

Question 33

1a. Petrach, Valla, Ficini, Mirandola

Answer 33

Italian Renaissance humanists promoted revival

Question 34

1b. Printing Press

Answer 34

Spread ideas that shifted education from theology to classical texts

Question 35

1c. Greek and Roman Politics

Answer 35

created secular models

Question 36

Main Idea #2

Answer 36

Printing aided the dissemination of new ideas

Question 37

2a. Printing

Answer 37

spread Renaissance ideas beyond Italy

Question 38

2b. Martin Luther

Answer 38

used it to spread Protestant Reformation ideas

Question 39

Main Idea #3

Answer 39

Visual arts prompted personal, political, and religious goals of the Renaissance

Question 40

3a. Italian Renaissance artists

Answer 40

were commissioned to incorporate classical styles

Question 41

3b. Northern Renaissance naturalism

Answer 41

was more human based because of religious focus

Question 42

3c. Mannerist and Baroque

Answer 42

art styles that used distortion, drama, and illusion

Question 43

Main Idea #4

Answer 43

New scientific ideas challenged classical views

Question 44

4a. Copernicus, Galileo, Newton

Answer 44

innovations in astronomy led to heliocentrism

Question 45

4b. Medical and anatomical discoveries by William Harvey

Answer 45

challenged Greek physician Galen

Question 46

Bacon and Descartes

Answer 46

came up with new mathematical methods to promote experimentation

Question 47

Paracelsus and Cardano

Answer 47

some of the few natural philosophers that continued to hold traditionalistic views