UNIT 1. THE STRUCTURES OF GLOBALIZATION

Question 1

A movement in the 1960 which opposes trade deals among countries facilitated and promoted by international organizations such as the World Trade Organization.

Answer 1

Anti-Globalization

Question 2

It is the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space.

Answer 2

Globalization

Question 3

Who described Globalization as the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space.

Answer 3

Manfred Steger

Question 4

It refers to “both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural and geographic boundaries.

Answer 4

Expansion

Question 5

It refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of networks.

Answer 5

Intensification

Question 6

He notes that “Globalization processes do not occur merely at an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness.” which means that people begin to feel that the world has become a smaller place, and distance has collapsed from thousands of miles to just a mouse click away.

Answer 6

Manfred Steger

Question 7

____________ as a process refers to a larger phenomemon that cannot simply be reduced to the ways in which global markets have been intregated.

Answer 7

Globalization

Question 8

Anthropologist that proposes the dimensions of integration called the “scapes”

Answer 8

Arjun Appadurai

Question 9

Scape that refers to the movement of people.

Answer 9

Ethnoscape

Question 10

It refers to the flow of culture or flow of media across borders.

Answer 10

Mediascape

Question 11

A kind of scape that refers to the circulation of mechanical goods or software/ technologies.

Answer 11

Technoscape

Question 12

A scape that refers to the circulation of money.

Answer 12

Financescape

Question 13

It is the realm wherein political ideas move around.

Answer 13

Ideoscape

Question 14

It is the agency/organization that regards “economic globalization” as a historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress.

Answer 14

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 15

It is characterized by the increasing integration of economies around the world through the movement of goods, services, and capital across borders.

Answer 15

Economic Globalization

Question 16

An international development organization owned by 189 countries that lends money to the governments of its poorer members to reduce poverty and to improve economies and the standard of living of their people.

Answer 16

World Bank

Question 17

It is the oldest known international trade route that connected different parts of the ancient world from China to what is the Middle East today and to Europe.

Answer 17

Silk Road

Question 18

Historians who stated that globalization began when all important populated continents began to exchange products continuously.

Answer 18

Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giraldez

Question 19

Trading route that connected Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in Mexico. This was the first time that the Americas were directly connected to Asian trading routes.

Answer 19

Galleon Trade

Question 20

The Galleon Trade took place during the ______________

Answer 20

Age of Mercantilism

Question 21

The trade system adopted by UK, US and other European Nations with an overall purpose of establishing a common system that would enable more efficient trade and, at the same time prohibit the isolationism of the mercantilist era.

Answer 21

Gold Standard

Question 22

The time when gold standard was abandoned.

Answer 22

The First World War

Question 23

It is the global economic crisis that occurred in the 1920s until the 1930s. It is the worst and longest recession ever experienced by the Western World.

Answer 23

Great Depression

Question 24

The economic historian who stated that the United States began to recover when it abandoned the gold standard.

Answer 24

Barry Eichengreen

Question 25

The currencies that are not backed by precious metals and whose values are determined by their cost relative to other currencies.

Answer 25

Fiat Currencies

Question 26

This was inaugurated with the goal of preventing past catastrophes from happening again and impacting international connections.

Answer 26

The Bretton Woods System

Question 27

The british economist that greatly influences the Bretton Woods system. Wherein he believed that a country experiences economic crises not when it does not have suffiecient funds; rather, it happens when money is not being spent; thus moved.

Answer 27

John Maynard Keynes

Question 28

When economies slow down, governments have to reinvigorate markets with infusions of capital. This active participation of governments in managing economic crisis became the foundation for the system of global _________.

Answer 28

Keynesianism

Question 29

The financial institutions responsible for funding postwar reconstruction projects.

Answer 29

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 30

The global lender of last resort to prevent individual countries to prevent individual countries from spiraling into credit crisis.

Answer 30

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 31

A legal agreement with a main objective of reducing tariffs and other hindrances to free trade.

Answer 31

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Question 32

A phenomenon in which a decline in an economic growth and employment takes place alongside a sharp increase in prices.

Answer 32

Stagflation

Question 33

Economists who argued that the government's practice of pouring money into their economies had caused inflation by increasing the demand for goods without necessarily increasing the supply.

Answer 33

Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman

Question 34

It is characterized by networks of connection that span multi-continental distances.

Answer 34

Globalism

Question 35

A state or a nation befriends other state or nation which gradually result to a more concrete and stabilized relationships.

Answer 35

Social Relation

Question 36

The awareness and knowledge of the capabilities and strategies of other state or nation in order to protect his or her own.

Answer 36

Social-Consciousness

Question 37

According to __________ and team researchers at focus on the global south, the US used its power under GATT system to prevent Philippines importers from purchasing Philippine poultry and pork even as it sold meat to the Philippines.

Answer 37

Walden Bello

Question 38

A system of global trade with multiple restrictions

Answer 38

Mercantilism

Question 39

It is contemporarily used to refer to market-oriented reform policies such as "eliminating price-controls, deregulating capital markets, lower trade "barriers" and reducing state influence in the economy, especially through privitization and austery.

Answer 39

Neoliberalism

Question 40

Dominated the economic agenda and it waas assumed that these stimulus policies would lick-start the recovery by replacing lower private spending and marshalling idle resources.

Answer 40

Keynesian Orthodoxy

Question 41

It is the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

Answer 41

Inflation

Question 42

A new organization founded in 1995 to continue the tariff reduction under the GATT. The policies they forwarded came to Washington Consensus.

Answer 42

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 43

It is a set of 10 economic policy prescription considered to constitute the standard reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington.

Answer 43

Washington Consensus

Question 44

A challenge to Neoliberalism that happened during 2007-2008

Answer 44

Great Depression

Question 45

During 2007-2007, ___________ increase more than seven-folds

Answer 45

Iceland Debt

Question 46

It is a major investment bank that collapsed during September 2008, thereby depleting major investment.

Answer 46

Lehman Brothers

Question 47

To mitigate the risk of these loans, banks that were lending houseowners' money pooled these mortgage payments and sold them as "______________".

Answer 47

Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)

Question 48

It refers to the intersecting process that creates order and shaping globalization.

Answer 48

Global Governance

Question 49

it is a modern phenomenon in human history where people organized themselves as a country.

Answer 49

Nation-State

Question 50

It is a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture or language, inhibiting a particular country or territory.

Answer 50

Nation

Question 51

It is formed by people and permanent power within a specified territory.

Answer 51

State

Question 52

International intergovernmental organizations or groups that are primarily made up of member-states.

Answer 52

International Organization

Question 53

Fallacy about international organization.

Answer 53

They are merely amalgamation of various state interest

Question 54

The term composed of two non-interchangeable words.

Answer 54

nation-state

Question 55

IOs can invented and apply categories. They create powerful global standards.

Answer 55

Power of Classification

Question 56

Various terms like "security" or "development" need to be well-defined. States, organizations and individuals view IOs as a legitimate sources of information.

Answer 56

Power to Fix Meaning

Question 57

They spread norms that are acceptable codes of conduct that may not be strict law, but nevertheless produce regularity in behavior.

Answer 57

Power to Diffuse Norms

Question 58

First major characteristic in today's world politics.

Answer 58

There are independent countries or states that rule themselves.

Question 59

Second characteristic in today's world politics.

Answer 59

Countries communicate with one another through diplomacy.

Question 60

The third characteristic in today's world politics.

Answer 60

There are international institutions that enable interactions such as the UN.

Question 61

The fourth characteristic in today's world politics.

Answer 61

International institution take on lives of their own in addition to enabling meetings between governments.

Question 62

Four attributes of a state.

Answer 62

1. Authority over a specific population. 2. It governs a specific territory. 3.It has a structure of government. 4. It has sovereignity over its territory.

Question 63

According to ______________ a nation is an "imagined community"

Answer 63

Benedict Anderson

Question 64

A set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years War between the major continental powers of Europe.

Answer 64

Treaty of Westphalia

Question 65

It has provided stability for the nations of Europe.

Answer 65

The Westphalian System

Question 66

He believed in spreading the principles of the French Revolution— liberty, equality and fraternity— to the rest of Europe, and thus, challenged the power of kings, the nobility, and religion in Europe.

Answer 66

Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 67

A war that lasted from 1803-1815.

Answer 67

The Napoleonic Wars

Question 68

It is what the French implemented which forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom or religion, and promoted meritocracy in the government service.

Answer 68

Napoleonic Code

Question 69

It is the alliance of "great powers" — the UK, Austria, Russia and Prussia— that sought to restore the world of monarchial,hereditary, and religious privileges of the time before the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. An alliance that sought to restore the sovereignity of states.

Answer 69

Concert of Europe

Question 70

It is a system named after the Austrian diplomat, Klemens von Metternich.

Answer 70

Metternich System

Question 71

The desire for increased cooperation and solidarity among states and people.

Answer 71

Internationalism

Question 72

The two principles of Internationalism.

Answer 72

Liberal Internationalism and Social Internationalism

Question 73

A phenomenon of deepining of interactions of states.

Answer 73

Internationalization

Question 74

The study of political, military and other diplomatic engagements between two or more countries.

Answer 74

International Relations

Question 75

A German philosopher who is the first major thinker of liberal internationalism.

Answer 75

Immanuel Kant

Question 76

The British philosopher who coined the word "International" and advocated the creation of "international law" that would govern inter-state relations.

Answer 76

Jeremy Bentham

Question 77

He believed that objective global legislators should aim to propose legislations that would create "the greatest happiness of all nations taken together.

Answer 77

Jeremy Bentham

Question 78

The 19th century Italian patriot who is the first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberalism internationalism.

Answer 78

Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 79

He is a major critic of the Metternich System. He believed in a Republican government and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system.

Answer 79

Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 80

A nationalist internationalist who believes that a free, unified nation-states should be the basis of global cooperation.

Answer 80

Giuseppe Mazzini

Question 81

The United States President of 1913 - 1921 who was influenced by Mazzini, that saw nationalism as a prerequisite for internationalism. And because of his faith in nationalism, he forwarded the principle of self-determination.

Answer 81

Woodrow Wilson

Question 82

The belief that the world's nations had a right to a free and sovereign government.

Answer 82

Principle of Self-Determination.

Question 83

The Axis Powers

Answer 83

Hitler's Germany, Mussolini's Italy and Hirohito's Japan

Question 84

The Allied Powers

Answer 84

Unites States, United Kingdom, France, Holland and Belgium

Question 85

One of Mazzini's most vehement adversaries was a German socialist philosopher who did not believe in nationalism. He emphasized economic equality, dividing the world into classes rather than countries.

Answer 85

Karl Marx

Question 86

A union of the European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889. It's achievements included the declaration of May 1 as Labor Day and the creation of an International Women's Day.

Answer 86

Socialist International (SI)

Question 86

The co-author of Karl Marx, who believed that in a socialist revolution seeking to overthrow the state and alter the economy, the proletariat "had no nation".

Answer 86

Friedrich Engels

Question 87

Leader of Bolshevik Party

Answer 87

Vladimir Lenin

Question 88

Lenin's successor.

Answer 88

Joseph Stalin

Question 89

The main deliberative policymaking and representative organ of UN.

Answer 89

General Assembly

Question 90

A Filipino diplomat who was elected the GA president from 1949-1950

Answer 90

Carlos P. Romulo

Question 91

In charge of evaluating whether a threat to the peace or an act of aggression exists. Aims to restore international peace and security.

Answer 91

Security Council

Question 92

The Permanent 5 (P5)

Answer 92

China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and United States.

Question 93

It s the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue, and recommendations on social and environmental issues, as well as the implementation of internationally agreed development goals.

Answer 93

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Question 94

The organ whose task is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

Answer 94

International Court of Justice

Question 95

It consists of the Secretary-General and tens of thousands of International UN staff members who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN as mandated by the General Assembly and the organization's other principal organs. As such it is the bureaucracy of the UN, serving as a kind of international civil service.

Answer 95

The Secretariat