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AP GEO > Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically Flashcards

1
Q

Considers the arrangement of the phenomena being Studied across the surface of the earth. Important considerations of this approach include location, distance, direction, orientation, pattern, and interconnection.

A

Spatial Approach

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2
Q

The study of spatial characteristics of various elements of the physical environment.

A

Physical Geography

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3
Q

The study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities.

A

Human Geography

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4
Q

The precise spot where something is according to some system, typically found using longitude and latitude.

A

Absolute Location

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5
Q

The distance north and south of the equator.

A

Latitude

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6
Q

An imaginary line that circles the globe exactly halfway between the North and South Poles.

A

Equator

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7
Q

The distance east or west of the prime meridian

A

Longitude

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8
Q

An imaginary line that runs from pole to pole through Greenwich, England.

A

Prime Meridian

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9
Q

Roughly follows the prime meridian but makes deviations to accommodate international boundaries.

A

International Date Line

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10
Q

A description of where something is in relation to other things.

A

Relative Location

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11
Q

How well two locations are tied together by roads or other links.

A

Connectivity

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12
Q

How quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location.

A

Accesibility

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13
Q

Abandoned settelments of the western United States. Their good relative locations lost the advantages that they once had, however, their absolute locations remain the same.

A

Ghost Towns

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14
Q

Refers to the specific human and physical characteristics of a location.

A

Place

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15
Q

A group of places in the same area that share a characteristic.

A

Region

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16
Q

Characteristics at the immidate location (soil type, climate, labor force, human structures, etc…)

A

Site

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17
Q

The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places.

A

Situation

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18
Q

How humans percive an area based on their personal belifes and emotional connection.

A

Sense of Place

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19
Q

Place names– provides insights into the physical geography, the history, or the culture of the location

A

Toponyms

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20
Q

The measurement of how far or near things are to one another.

A

Distance

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21
Q

The degree of nearness.

A

Proximity

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22
Q

The contact, movement, and flow of things between locations. Connections may be physical (roads) or through information (radios and Internet).

A

Spatial Interaction

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23
Q

When things are farther apart, they tend to be less well connected.

A

Friction of Distance

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24
Q

The idea that when things are farther apart, they tend to be less well connected.

A

Friction of Distance

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25
Q

The number of something in a specivically defined area (the number of people per square mile).

A

Density

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26
Q

The way a phenomenon is spread out over an area.

A

Distribution

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27
Q

Matching patterns of distribution that indicates two or more phenomena may be related, or associated with one another.

A

Spatial Association

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28
Q

The connection and exchange between humans and the natural world.

A

Human-Environment Interaction

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29
Q

How humans adapt to the environment.

A

Cultural Ecology

30
Q

The belief that landforms and the climate are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior.

A

Environmental Dererminism

31
Q

A view that acknowledges limits on the effects of the natural environment and focuses more in the role that human culture plays.

A

Possibilism

32
Q

The task of defining and describing landscapes.

A

Landscape Analysis

33
Q

The act of physically visiting a location, place, or reigeon and recording, firsthand, information there.

A

Field Observation

34
Q

All the information that can be tied to a specific location.

A

Spatial Data

35
Q

Professional images captured from planes within the atmosphere.

A

Aerial Photography

36
Q

The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape (buildings, roads, signs, fences, etc…).

A

Built Environment

37
Q

Anything built by humans.

A

Cultural Landscape

38
Q

The general arrangements of things being studied.

A

Patterns

39
Q

The repeted sequence of events that create patterns.

A

Processes

40
Q

The ratio is the between the size of things in the real world and the size of those same things on a map.

A

Scale

41
Q

The way a map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents.

A

Cartographic Scale

42
Q

Sometimes refered to as relative scale and refers to the amount of territory that the map represents.

A

Geographic Scale

43
Q

Sometimes refered to as geographical scale and refers to the amount of territory that the map represents.

A

Relative Scale

44
Q

Designed for people to refer to for general information about places.

A

Refrence Maps

45
Q

Show and label human-created boundaries and designations, such as counties, states, cities, and capitals.

A

Political Maps

46
Q

Show and label natural features such as mountains, rivers, and deserts.

A

Physical Map

47
Q

Show and label highways,streets, and alleys.

A

Road Map

48
Q

Show and label property lines and details of land ownership.

A

Plat Maps

49
Q

Illustrations used in books and advertisements to show specific locations mentioned in the text.

A

Locator Maps

50
Q

Show spatial aspects of information or of a phenomenon.

A

Thematic Map

51
Q

Uses various colors, shades of one color, or paterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.

A

Choropleth Maps

52
Q

Used to show the specific location and distribution of something across the territory of a map. Each dot represents a specific quantity.

A

Dot Distribution Maps

53
Q

Uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something. Larger sizes indicate a larger quantity while smaller sized indicate a smaler quality.

A

Graduated Symbol Maps

54
Q

Uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in data across space

A

Isoline Maps

55
Q

A type of isoline map – points of equal elevation are connected, creationg contours that depict surface features.

A

Topographic Maps

56
Q

The sizes of countries (or states, counties, or another areal unit) are shown according to some specific statistic.

A

Cartogram

57
Q

The process to showing a curved surface on a flat surcace.

A

Map Projection

58
Q

Representations of reality or theories

A

Geogaphic Models

59
Q

Projection of a map of the world on to a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used especially for marine charts and certain climatological maps.

A

Mercator Map Projection

60
Q

Map projection in which areas are shown in correct proportion at the expense of distorted shape, using a rectangular decimal grid to replace latitude and longitude. It was devised in 1973 to be a fairer representation of equatorial (i.e. mainly developing) countries, whose area is underrepresented by the usual projections such as Mercator’s.

A

Peters Projection

61
Q

A0 map projection in which an area of the earth is projected onto a cone whose vertex is usually above one of the poles, then unrolled onto a flat surface.

A

Conic Projection

62
Q

The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map which shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a good compromise to the problem of readily showing the whole globe as a flat image.

A

Robinson Projection

63
Q

United by physical, cultural, or economic traits.

A

Formal Regions/ Uniform Reigons/ Homogeneous Regions

64
Q

Organized around a focal point and are defined by an activity that occus across the reigon.

A

Functional Regions/ Nodal Regions

65
Q

The informal sense of place that people ascribe to them.

A

Perceptual Regions/ Vernacular Regions

66
Q

The maps that people create in their minds based on their own experiences and knowledge.

A

Mental Maps

67
Q

Regions divided into smaller areas.

A

Subregions

68
Q

Data that is observed and recorded on on location, and the act of collecting it.

A

Fieldwork

69
Q

Information that is measured and recorded using numbers.

A

Quantitative Data

70
Q

Information that is collected through interviews, documents, and visual observations.

A

Qualitative Data

71
Q

GIS

A

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that creates, manages, analyzes, and maps all types of data. GIS connects data to a map, integrating location data (where things are) with all types of descriptive information (what things are like there). This provides a foundation for mapping and analysis that is used in science and almost every industry. GIS helps users understand patterns, relationships, and geographic context. The benefits include improved communication and efficiency as well as better management and decision making.

72
Q

GPS

A

Global Positioning Systems

an accurate worldwide navigational and surveying facility based on the reception of signals from an array of orbiting satellites.

AP GEO (7 decks)

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