Unit 1 Topic 3 Flashcards
What is the name of the chemical molecule that is involved in energy transfer in cells? (prompt: what is required to power active transport?)
ATP
ATP stands for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is composed of?
Ribose sugar, Adenine base, 3 phosphate groups.
How does ATP provide energy to power cellular processes?
By breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphate group, which releases the energy stored in the chemical bond into the surrounding, powering any cellular processes in the vicinity.
Which type of cellular respiration require oxygen molecules?
Aerobic cellular respiration
Which type of cellular respiration doesn’t require oxygen molecules?
Anaerobic cellular respiration
What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration?
36-38 ATP molecules per glucose.
What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
Glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> Electron transport chain
In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondrial matrix
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm (or cytosol).
In which part of the cell does electron transport chain take place?
Along the inner mitochondrial membrane (aka Cristae)
What are the inputs of glycolysis? (mention all the coenzymes as well)
1 glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ADP and 2 Pi (inorganic phosphate group)
What are the outputs of glycolysis? (mention all the coenzymes as well).
2 pyruvates, 2 NADH and 2 ATP.
What are coenzymes? Give some examples.
Coenzymes are non-protein molecules that assist with enzyme function. Without these, some enzymes cannot catalyse chemical reactions.
Examples. ADP/ATP, NAD+/NADH, FAD/FADH2
Carbon dioxide molecules are produced as waste products in which part of the cell?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
One CO2 molecule is released when a pyruvate is converted into an acetyl-CoA.
Two CO2 molecules are released by the end of the Krebs cycle.
So, three CO2 molecules are produced per pyruvate molecule.
This means 6 CO2 molecules are produced per glucose overall.
Water molecules are produced as waste products in which stage of the aerobic cellular respiration?
During the electron transport chain stage (within the mitochondria, along the inner membrane)
6 water molecules are produced (per glucose) as 6 oxygen molecules accept electrons at the end of electron transport chain.
What is the first stage of anaerobic cellular respiration?
Glycolysis (occurs in the cytosol/cytoplasm).
What is the second stage of anaerobic cellular respiration called?
Fermentation pathway (occurs in the cytosol/cytoplasm).
In animal cells, what are the outputs of anaerobic cellular respiration?
For every glucose, 2 Lactic acid molecules and 2 NAD+ molecules.
In plant and fungal cells, what are the outputs of anaerobic cellular respiration?
For every glucose,
2 ethanol molecules, 2 Carbon dioxide molecules and 2 NAD+ molecules.
Compare aerobic cellular respiration with anaerobic cellular respiration.
Aerobic cellular respiration is more efficient than anaerobic cellular respiration. (36-38 ATP per glucose vs only 2ATP per glucose).
Aerobic cellular respiration is a slow process, whereas anaerobic cellular respiration is a rapid process.
What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Two possible answers.
What makes palisade cells well-suited for carrying out photosynthesis in the leaves of a plant?
Palisade cells contain lots of chloroplasts and they are located near the top end of leaves where they can readily absorb the sunlight.
