Unit 1 - Topic 3 - Atoms and Bonding

Question 1

What are rows called in the periodic table?

Answer 1

Periods

Question 2

What are columns called in the periodic table?

Answer 2

Groups

Question 3

How many different groups does the periodic table consist of?

Answer 3

8 different groups and the transition metals.

Question 4

What is group 1 called?

Answer 4

The Alkali Metals

Question 5

What is group 2 called?

Answer 5

The Alkali Earth Metals

Question 6

What is group 7 called?

Answer 6

The Halogens

Question 7

What is group 8/0 called?

Answer 7

Noble Gases

Question 8

What is the middle part of the periodic table called?

Answer 8

The transition metals.

Question 9

What do the periods relate to?

Answer 9

To the filling up of the energy levels with electrons.

Question 10

How many energy levels are there in an atom?

Answer 10

7

Question 11

Where are protons located?

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Where are neutrons located?

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

Where are electrons located?

Answer 13

Outside the nucleus in shells/orbitals

Question 14

What is the mass in amu of a proton?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

What is the mass in amu of a neutron?

Answer 15

1

Question 16

What is the mass in amu of an electron?

Answer 16

Almost 0

Question 17

Why do electrons have difficulty escaping the atom?

Answer 17

Because they are attracted to the positively charged protons. (Opposites attract)

Question 18

Why do all atoms have a neutral charge?

Answer 18

Because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, and these opposite charges cancel each other out making the atom neutral.

Question 19

How can you find out the number of protons in a element?

Answer 19

The atomic number

Question 20

How can you find out the number of neutrons in a element?

Answer 20

Mass Number - Atomic Number

Question 21

How can you find out the number of electrons in a element?

Answer 21

The atomic number

Question 22

What is the method of showing the atomic and mass number called?

Answer 22

Nuclide Notation

Question 23

How many electrons does the first shell require?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

How many electrons does the second shell require?

Answer 24

8

Question 25

What is the link between the number of electrons in an outer shell and the group number.

Answer 25

The number of electrons in the outer shell of all the elements in a group is the same as the group number.

Question 26

Are the noble gases reactive?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Why are the noble gases not reactive?

Answer 27

The atoms of noble gases already have complete outer shells, so they have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons.

Question 28

What is the atom mostly made of?

Answer 28

Empty space

Question 29

What is the charge of the nucleus?

Answer 29

Positive

Question 30

How many electrons does the third shell require?

Answer 30

8

Question 31

What do electrons possess and why?

Answer 31

Possess energy because they orbit around the nucleus.

Question 32

What happens when atoms react and join?

Answer 32

These electrons are the first particles the atoms meet when they approach each other to join. The outer electrons on the atom are responsible for the chemical properties.

Question 33

How many outer electrons do all of the group 1 elements have?

Answer 33

1

Question 34

Which elements are stored in oil and why?

Answer 34

Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium are stored in oil to protect them from moisture and oxygen in the air.

Question 35

Which elements react vigorously with water to produce an alkaline solution?

Answer 35

Lithium Sodium Potassium

Question 36

What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you move down group 1?

Answer 36

Reactivity increases

Question 37

Describe the properties of Fluorine

Answer 37

Pale-yellow gas

Question 38

Describe the properties of Chlorine

Answer 38

Pale-green gas

Question 39

Describe the properties of Bromine

Answer 39

Brown Liquid

Question 40

Describe the properties of Iodine

Answer 40

Dark Purple Solid

Question 41

How many outer electrons do the halogens have?

Answer 41

7

Question 42

Are the elements in group 1 metals or non-metals?

Answer 42

Metals

Question 43

Are the elements in group 2 metals or non-metals?

Answer 43

Metals

Question 44

Are the elements in group 7 metals or non-metals?

Answer 44

Non-metals

Question 45

Are the elements in group 8/0 metals or non-metals?

Answer 45

Non-metals

Question 46

How many outer electrons do the noble gases have?

Answer 46

Apart from helium, all novel gas atoms have 8 electrons in their outer energy level. The helium atom only contains 2 electrons.

Question 47

What do the chemical properties of an atom depend on?

Answer 47

The number of electrons in the outer energy level.

Question 48

What are the smaller particles in an atom called?

Answer 48

Sub-Atomic Particles

Question 49

How much smaller is an electron than a neutron or proton?

Answer 49

1850 times smaller

Question 50

What charge does a proton have?

Answer 50

Positive

Question 51

What charge does a electron have?

Answer 51

Negative

Question 52

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 52

No charge

Question 53

What is the top number in nuclide notation?

Answer 53

Mass Number

Question 54

What is the bottom number in nuclide notation?

Answer 54

Atomic Number

Question 55

What do the number of protons in the nucleus determine

Answer 55

The type of atom

Question 56

What are isotopes?

Answer 56

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. All elements have 2 isotopes or more.

Question 57

What is the average mass of an atom called?

Answer 57

The relative atomic mass

Question 58

How are the mass of atoms measured?

Answer 58

Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer measures the masses of atoms and how much (abundance) of each isotope is present

Question 59

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 59

The relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom. It is calculated from the mass of numbers of isotopes and their abundance.

Question 60

What can one-way atoms do?

Answer 60

Can join to transfer one or more electron(s) from one atom to another.

Question 61

What happens when an electron transfers from one atom to another?

Answer 61

The atoms will no longer be electrically neutral.

Question 62

What are charged atoms called?

Answer 62

Ions

Question 63

What charges do metals have?

Answer 63

Positive

Question 64

What charges do non-metals have?

Answer 64

Negative

Question 65

What happens when an atom loses an electron?

Answer 65

It becomes a positively charged ion.

Question 66

What happens when an atom gains an electron?

Answer 66

It becomes a negatively charged ion.

Question 67

What happens when ions attract?

Answer 67

Stick together.