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PHARM > Unit 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

combination Drug

A

a drug that contains more than one active generic ingredient

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2
Q

complementary & alternative medicine (CAM)

A

natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins, minerals dietary supplements, and additional techniques outside realm of conventional therapies

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3
Q

drug

A

a chemical agent capable of producing a response within the body

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4
Q

generic name

A

a name of the drug given by the US Adopted Name Council

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5
Q

mechanism of action (MOA)

A

how a drug processes its physiological effect in the body

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6
Q

medication

A

what a drug is called after administering

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7
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of medicine

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8
Q

prototype drug

A

an individual drug that represents a drug class; a drug category of having similar structures & the same mechanism of action.

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9
Q

trade name

A

a shorter and easier way to remember a drug name

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10
Q

3 checks of drug admin

A

used in conjunction with the 5 rights to help ensure patient safety and drug effectiveness; 1. CHECK drug with the medication administration record (MAR) when removing it from medication drawer; 2. CHECK drug when preparing, pouring, taking it out of the unit-dose container, or connecting the IV tubing to the bad; 3. CHECK drug before administering it to the patient.

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11
Q

5 Rights

A

Right…Patient, Medication, Dose, Route, Time; the operational basis for safe delivery of medication.

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12
Q

adherence

A

taking medication in the manner prescribed by the healthcare provider

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13
Q

adverse event

A

any undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient.

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14
Q

allergic reaction

A

an acquired hyper-response of body defenses to a foreign substance.

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15
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe type of allergic reaction that involves the massive systemic release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation that can lead to life-threatening shock

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16
Q

ASAP

A

as soon as possible; available for administration to the patient within 30 mins of written order

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17
Q

enteral

A

involving or passing through the intestine, naturally via the mouth and esophagus or an artificial opening; oral, sublingual, buccal, nasogastric/gastrostomy

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18
Q

parenteral

A

administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal; intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous

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19
Q

PRN order

A

pro-re-nata; written physician’s orders authorizing a nurse to give a specific medication at a specified dose for a designated reason when needed or required by patient’s condition

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20
Q

routine order

A

orders carried within 2 hours of the time it has been written by the healthcare provider

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21
Q

side effect

A

a non-therapeutic reaction to the drug.

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22
Q

single order

A

a drug given only once and at a specific time.

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23
Q

standing order

A

written in advance of a situation that is carried out under specific circumstances.

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24
Q

STAT

A

immediately; at once; any medication needed immediately and given at once.

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25
ADME – what does it stand for?
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion = all 4 processes of pharmacokintecs
26
first-pass effect
a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reducing the concentration of an active drug, specifically when administered orally, before reaching its site of action or systemic circulation.
27
onset
represents amount of time take to produce a therapeutic effect after drug administration
28
peak
when medication was reached its highest concentration in the bloodstream
29
duration of time
amount of time a drug maintains its therapeutic effect
30
pharmacogenomics
study of genetic variations that influence an individual response to drug therapy (helps inform therapeutic decisions)
31
pharmacokinetics
the study of drug movements throughout the body
32
therapeutic range
plasma drug concentration between minimum effect after drug administration
33
agonist
a drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance
34
antagonist
competes with agonists for the receptor binding sites; a drug that occupies a receptor and prevents endogenous chemical from acting
35
pharmacodynamics
how the medicne changes the body
36
medication reconciliation
the process of tracking medications as the patient proceded from healthcare provider to another.
37
polypharmacy
the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition.
38
Look-alike, sound-alike medications (p.72)
drugs that may be easily mistaken for another due to spelling or pronunciation.
39
anticholinergic
suppresses the effects of acetylcholine; stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, while suppressing the parasympathetic nervous system; induces symptoms of the fight-or-flight response
40
central nervous system (CNS)
receives and processes information; initiates action; made up of the brain and spinal cord
41
cholinergic
nerves that release acetylcholine via two receptors: nicotinic and muscarinic
42
cholinergic crisis
occurs when patient is given too much cholinergic medication
43
fight-or-flight
a response activated by anticholinergic drugs that prepares the body for stressful or energetic activity
44
muscarinic
receptors that affects smooth muscle & slows heart rate
45
nicotinic
receptors for acetylcholine in the ganglia
46
rest-and-digest
a response that directs maintenance activities; activated under non-stressful conditions
47
alpha receptors
one of the two basic types of adrenergic receptors; alpha-1 receptors vasoconstricts blood vessels; alpha-2 vasodilates blood vessels
48
beta receptors
one of the two basic types of adrenergic receptors; beta-1 receptors affects heart, uterus and peripheral blood vessels; beta-2 affects lungs, uterus and peripheral blood vessels
49
Analgesic
medications used to relieve pain
50
Methadone maintenance
taking methadone to avoid opioid withdrawal symptoms; used to weaned off opioids usage of patients
51
Migraine
throbbing or pulsating pain; often preceded by an aura (smell, taste, visual); triggered by foods, aspartame, menstrual hormones
52
Mu/Kappa receptors
opioids target these receptors in the perspective of pain management
53
Narcotic
opioids that produce a numbness or stupor-like symptoms
54
Neuropathic pain
caused by direct injury to the nerves
55
Opioid
a general term referring to any substances, natural or synthetic, having opiate-like activity
56
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)
a method available to patients to self-medicate by pressing a limited rate-controlled button
57
Tension headache
most common headache that occurs when muscles of the head and neck become very tight because of stress, causing a steady and lingering pain; self-limiting and a general annoyance rather than a medical emergency
58
Anaphylaxis
a life-threatening allergic response that may result in shock and death; insect stings, foods, and some therapeutic drugs can cause anaphylaxis
59
Antipyretic
drugs used to treat fevers
60
Cushing's syndrome
occurs during long-term therapy of overtreatment with corticosteroids
61
Cyclooxygenase (COX)
the key enzyme in biosynthesis of prostaglandins; an enzyme responsible for the formation of prostaglandins (CH.18 definition)
62
Histamine
a key chemical mediator of inflammation; stored in mast cells located in tissue spaces under epithelial membranes; initiates the inflammatory response within seconds when released
63
Inflammation
a body defense mechanism that occurs in response to many different stimuli; including physical injury, exposure to toxic chemicals, extreme heat, invading microorganism, or death of cells; may be classified as acute (immediate onset and short) or chronic (slower onset and continuous)
64
Mast cells
detects foreign agents or injury and respond by releasing histamine
65
Prostaglandins
Salicylates
66
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
a severe and rare condition caused by NSAID medications EXAMPLES: acetaminophen, seizure drugs, sulfonamides and gout medication - can appear if have had an allergic reaction to any pain reliever/fever reducer
67
Blackbox warning
use drugs with caution when they have this on their packaging
68
Neurotransmitter
chemical signal that triggers and carries electrical impulses
69
adrenergic agonist
similar as adrenergic and sympathomimetic; drugs that work by mimicking the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system
70
adrenergic blocker
similar as sympatholytic and beta-blockers; drugs that treat various heart diseases.
71
anticholinergic similarity term
similar as parasympatholytic; drugs that block the action of acetylcholine, inducing effects of parasympathetic nervous system
72
cholinergic similarity term
similar to parasympathomimetic; produces rest and digest response
73
parasympatholytic
similar to anticholinergic
74
parasympathomimetic
similar to cholinergic; rest and digest response produced
75
sympatholytic
similar to adrenergic blockers
76
sympathomimetic
same as adrenergic and adrenergic agonists
77

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