Unit 1: What is Matter?

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

The attraction of particles to themselves

- he action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive.

Question 2

Adhesion

Answer 2

The attraction of particles to other particles

- tendency of dissimilar particles to stick to each other (not bonded)

Question 3

Meniscus Error

Answer 3

• Caused by a curve at the test tube

- Read the value at the bottom of the curve

Question 4

Parallax Error

Answer 4

• Direct line of vision to the test tube/container

Question 5

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 5

The total mass of matter does not change during a chemical reaction

Question 6

Kinetic Theory

Answer 6

• the body of theory which explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles.

Question 7

Air Pressure

Answer 7

• Result of millions of tiny collisions within gas particles.

Question 8

Changes in states of matter

Answer 8

• 3 states (solid, liquid, gas)
• involves matter absorbing or losing thermal energy
• completely reversible
• the forces of attraction between particles are changing (strengthening and weakening)
• average separation distance is changing
• thermal expansion and contraction

Question 9

Thermal Expansion and Contraction

Answer 9

• tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature
• not state changes
• Matter expands when heated
• Particles do not expand, space taken does

Question 10

Solid

Answer 10

• Fixed volume
• Fixed Shape
• Strongly Bonded
• Ordered Structure
• Not compressible
• Does not flow
• Vibrations

Question 11

Liquid

Answer 11

• Fixed volume
• Not fixed Shape
• Moderately Strongly Bonded
• Unordered Structure
• Not compressible
• Does flow (Fluid)
• Sliding

Question 12

Gas

Answer 12

• Not fixed volume
• Not fixed Shape
• Weakly Bonded
• Unordered Structure
• Compressible
• Does flow (Fluid)
• Collisions

Question 13

Plateau

Answer 13

• Flat area on change of states graph
• Undergoing Boiling, Melting (gaining heat)
• Undergoing Freezing, Condensation (losing heat)
• No change in temperature

Question 14

Vaporization

Answer 14

• liquid to gaseous form
• Boiling: In large mass
• Evaporation: Flat, smaller mass
• Gaining heat

Question 15

Melting

Answer 15

• Solid to liquid form

- Gaining Heat

Question 16

Condensation

Answer 16

• Gaseous to Liquid form

- Losing Heat

Question 17

Freezing

Answer 17

• Liquid to Solid form

- Losing Heat

Question 18

STP

Answer 18

• Standard Temperature, Pressure
• 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin)
• 100 kPA (1 x Atmospheric Pressure)

Question 19

SATP

Answer 19

• Standard Ambient Temperature, Pressure
• 25 degrees Celsius (298.15 Kelvin)
• 100 kPA (1x Atmospheric Pressure)

Question 20

Density

Answer 20

• Mass/Volume

- kg/m^3

Question 21

Particle Movement

Answer 21

• Bending
• Symmetric Stretching
• Asymmetric Stretching
• Rotational Movement
• Translational Movement

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration

Question 23

Concentration

Answer 23

concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.

Question 24

Rate of Diffusion Factors

Answer 24

• mass of the solute
• the temperature of the environment
• the solvent density,
• the distance traveled.

Question 25

Kelvin

Answer 25

- Unit for temperature - C + 273.15 = K - 0 Kelvin is coldest possible temperature

Question 26

Pure Substance

Answer 26

- Only one kind of substance (compound or element) | - A Sample of matter with constant composition and distinct chemical properties. 

Question 27

Element

Answer 27

-Pure substance of atoms with same number of protons

Question 28

Homogenous Mixture

Answer 28

mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample

Question 29

Heterogenous Mixture

Answer 29

any mixture that is not uniform in composition - it's a non-uniform mixture of smaller constituent parts

Question 30

Compound

Answer 30

- Pure substance of molecules (atoms with bonds)

Question 31

Impure Substance

Answer 31

- Multiple different substances | - A sample of matter that contains traces of other elements or compounds in itself. 

Question 32

Volume

Answer 32

3D space occupied by an object | matter - m^3