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unit 1 workbook Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

physical and chemical changes that occur within the body

A

metabolism

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2
Q

maintenance of normal body physiology

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

lowest horizontal imaginary line that joins the tubercles in the iliac crests

A

intertubercular plane

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4
Q

horizontal plane that passes through the pylorus, the duodenal junction, the neck of the pancreas, and the hilum of the kidneys

A

transpyloric plane

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5
Q

upper horizontal imaginary line that joins the lowest point of the costal margin on each side of the body

A

subcostal plane

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6
Q

arises from the sides of the bodies of the first two lumbar vertebrae

A

left crus of the diaphragm

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7
Q

thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

A

medical arcuate ligament

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8
Q

slightly curved line on the ventral abdominal wall that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis

A

linea semilunaris

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9
Q

ligament between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic area

A

inguinal ligament

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10
Q

area in the pelvic cavity between the rectum and the uterus where free fluid may accumulate

A

rectouterine space

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11
Q

arises from the sides of the bodies of the first three lumbar vertebrae

A

right crus of the diaphragm

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12
Q

fibrous band of tissue that stretches from the xiphoid to the symphysis pubus

A

linea alba

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13
Q

formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus

A

vesicouterine pouch

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14
Q

broad muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

thickened upper margin of the fascia covering the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle

A

lateral arcuate ligament

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16
Q

in the male, a small outpocket of the pelvic cavity containing the testes

A

scrotal cavity

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17
Q

triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

A

superficial inguinal ring

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18
Q

lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

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19
Q

the internal organs

A

viscera

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20
Q

muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis muscle

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21
Q

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and undersurface of the diaphragm

A

falciform ligament

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22
Q

located between the anterior surface of the renal fascia and the posterior area of the peritoneum

A

anterior pararenal space

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23
Q

single layer of cells that forms the peritoneum

A

mesothelium

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24
Q

primary compartment of the peritoneal cavity; extends across the anterior abdomen from the diaphragm to the pelvis

A

greater sac

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25
ligament in between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen
gastrosplenic ligament
26
located directly around the kidney;completely enclosed by renal fascia
perirenal space
27
accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
28
membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach
lesser omentum
29
layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
30
ligament between the spleen and kidney
lienorenal ligament
31
found between the posterior renal fascia and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
posterior pararenal space
32
opening to the lesser sac
epiploic foramen
33
double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach
greater omentum
34
right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate
morison's pouch
35
slit like spaces near the liver; potential space for fluid to accumulate
peritoneal recess
36
potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal layers
peritoneal cavity
37
layer of peritoneum that covers the abdominal organs
visceral peritoneum
38
peritoneal pouch located behind the lesser omentum and stomach
lesser sac
39
termination of the falciform ligament; seen in the left lobe of the liver
ligamentum teres
40
a lengthwise plane running from front to back. it divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides, or two equal halves
sagittal
41
a lengthwise plane running from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
coronal
42
a plane that is horizontal to the body
transverse
43
a plane that is parallel to the long axis of the body or part
longitudinal
44
not uniform in texture and composition
heterogeneous
45
usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease
infiltrating
46
echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity
echogenic or hyperechoic
47
interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics. this level will change with patient position
fluid filled level
48
very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern
isoechoic
49
sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attenuated. there is increased brightness directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area
enhancement, increased through transmission
50
completely uniform in texture or composition
homogeneous
51
borders are not well-defined, are ill-defined, or are not present
irregular borders
52
low level echoes within a structure
hypoechoic
53
sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object
shadowing
54
well defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant)
loculated mass
55
without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily
anechoic or sonolucent
56
tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
vasa vasorum
57
inner layer of the vascular system
tunica intima
58
minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
capillaries
59
communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network
anastomosis
60
outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum
tunica adventitia
61
middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media that arteries
tunica media
62
arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney
right renal artery
63
arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus
left gastric artery
64
supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery
right hepatic artery
65
vascular structure that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
66
arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
common hepatic artery
67
supplies the stomach
right gastric artery
68
branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum
gastroduodenal artery
69
arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine
superior mesenteric artery
70
the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these vessels, which supply blood to the lower extremities
common iliac arteries
71
arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
inferior mesenteric artery
72
arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney
left renal artery
73
largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominal-pelvic cavity and extremities
aorta
74
small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver
left hepatic artery
75
arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum
splenic artery
76
formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver
portal vein
77
collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart
veins
78
drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to the pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein
splenic vein
79
drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein
inferior mesenteric vein
80
drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins
superior mesenteric vein
81
three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm
hepatic veins
82
leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
left renal vein
83
largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart
inferior vena cava
84
leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava
right renal vein

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