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PSYC 3070 > UNIT 10 > Flashcards

UNIT 10 Flashcards

1
Q

stress

A
  • set of physical, cognitive, and emotional responses that humans (and other organisms) display in reaction to stressors, or demands from the environment
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2
Q

stressors

A
  • environmental demands that lead to stress reactions
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3
Q

coping

A
  • ways to reduce the effects of stress reactions

- how one deals with and adapts to stress

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4
Q

general adaptation syndrome

Seyle

A
  • three stages of symptoms that occur in response to stress

- alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

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5
Q

1.alarm reaction

G.A.S. Seyle

A
  • body quickly responds to a stressor by becoming alert and energized
  • preparing for “fight or flight”
  • hypothalamus –> pituitary gland –> adrenal gland –> cortisol
  • endorphins released
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6
Q
  1. resistance

G.A.S. Seyle

A
  • body attempts to regain its normal
  • changes in thymus gland (immune system/ decrease in size and function)
  • person able to control the initial alarm reaction
  • sleep deprivation mood problems
  • cortisol release and weight gain
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7
Q
  1. exhaustion

G.A.S. Seyle

A
  • some of the alarm stage responses reappear
  • may accompany by physical illness or even death
  • impaired the ability to heal
  • damage to muscle tissue
  • high blood pressure
  • depletion of energy
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8
Q

natural immunity

Seyle

A
  • quick defense against pathogens

- accelerates healing and prevents infection

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9
Q

specific immunity

Seyle

A
  • slower and requires more energy because the body needs to identify specific pathogens and form matching lymphocytes to combat them
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10
Q

response-oriented viewpoint

Seyle

A
  • explanations of stress that focus on the physiological reactions within the individual
  • focus on the stress response
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11
Q

life-change events

Holmes and Rahe

A
  • events that alter the status quo of an individual’s life; when accumulated can lead to stress reactions
  • focus on both negative and positive
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12
Q

stimulus-oriented viewpoint

Holmes and Rahe

A
  • explanations of stress that are focused on the stressors themselves, the stimuli or life events, that trigger the stress reactions
  • focus on stressors and the amount of stress they produce
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13
Q

short-term life events

A
  • which are stressors that may cause immediate problems but have a definite beginning and end
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14
Q

chronic life strains

A
  • continuous and ongoing

- caused most health problems and eroded social relationships

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15
Q

work stress

A
  • worker experiences on a job with high demands but a good amount of control and sense of personal accomplisment
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16
Q

work strain

A
  • results from situations in which a worker is faced with high demands but low control, no sense of personal accomplishment, and low reward
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17
Q

major life events

Almeida

A
  • associated with prolonged physiological reactions
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18
Q

daily stressors

Almeida

A
  • routine challenges of day-to-day living

- more chronic challenges

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19
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder

PTSD

A
  • psychological response to a traumatic experience
  • symptoms include reexperiencing the event in intrusive thoughts and dreams, numbing of general responses, avoiding stimuli associated with the event, and increased arousal of the physiological stress mechanism
20
Q

posttraumatic stress symptoms

A
  • term used to describe reactions to trauma that are severe, but do not fit the full diagnosis criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder
21
Q

human social genomics

A
  • study of changes in gene expression that result from subjective perceptions of the environment
22
Q

stress related growth

A
  • positive changes that follow the experience of stressful life events
23
Q

resistance resources

A
  • personal and social resources that may buffer a person from the impact of stress
24
Q

coping behaviors

A
  • thoughts, feelings, and actions that serve to reduce the effects of stressful events
25
Q

problem-focused coping

A
  • stress-reducing techniques that directly address the problem causing stress
  • negotiation, planning, preorganization, compartmentalization
  • change in behaviors
26
Q

emotion-focused coping

A
  • stress-reducing technique that directly addresses the emotions causing stress
  • no control of the situation
27
Q

meaning-focused coping

A
  • stress-reducing technique that refers to anything you might think, feel, and do to give a positive meaning to a stressful situation
  • learning from experience
28
Q

social coping

A
  • stress-reducing technique that involves seeking both instrumental and emotional support from others
29
Q

coping flexibility

A
  • ability to use variety of coping skills, depending on the situation
30
Q

goodness of fit

A
  • ability to match the appropriate coping skill with the situation at hand
31
Q

proactive coping

A
  • stress-reducing techniques done in advance of a potentially stressful event
    1. building a reserve for resources
    2. recognizing potential stressors
    3. appraisal of initial stressors
    4. preliminary coping efforts
    5. seeking feedback
32
Q

religious coping

A
  • stress-reducing techniques that involve relying on religious or spiritual beliefs
33
Q

social support

A
  • positive affect, affirmation, and aid received from others at stressful times
34
Q

buffering effect

A
  • pattern of results that cushion the outcomes of a distressing situation
  • cannot prevent stress from coming in the person, but can provide protection against the harm the stress may do
35
Q

resilience

A
  • ability to maintain healthy functioning following exposure to potential trauma
36
Q

grief work

A
  • Freudian based idea that everyone experiencing traumatic loss must “work through” the negative feelings and “let it all out”
37
Q

compartmentalization

Problem-focused coping

A
  • able to focus on one thing to the next

- not having to deal with both

38
Q

reappraisal

meaning focused coping

A
  • look at problem in a different way
39
Q

instrumental help

social coping

A
  • information/resources
40
Q

emotional help

social coping

A
  • comfort, support
41
Q

physiological coping

A
  • actively change physiological response

- relaxation, massage, meditation

42
Q

behavioral control

A
  • taking concrete steps to control situation

- active control

43
Q

cognitive control

A
  • changing the way you think about situation

- reevaluating

44
Q

decision control

A
  • deciding when events are going to happen
45
Q

informational control

A
  • knowing what’s going to happen

- more predictable

46
Q

retrospective control

A
  • undergone to stressor

- looking back to what you could have done better

47
Q

secondary conrol

A
  • going with the flow

- getting it done

PSYC 3070 (12 decks)

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