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AP Psychology > Unit 10: Clinical Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 10: Clinical Psychology Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

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2
Q

Medical Model

A

The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and often cured.

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3
Q

DSM-V

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

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4
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

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5
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

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6
Q

Panic Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread.

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7
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, and anxiety following a traumatic event.

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8
Q

Phobia

A

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

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9
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear or avoidance of situations where one feels loss of control and panic, often leading to avoidance of public spaces.

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10
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

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11
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

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12
Q

Mood Disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.

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13
Q

Psychosomatic Disorders

A

Physical illness or other condition caused or aggravated by a mental factor such as internal conflict or stress.

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14
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

Disorders in which symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause.

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15
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.

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16
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

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17
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

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18
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete, often due to trauma.

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19
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

A dissociative disorder involving sudden loss of memory and the assumption of a new identity in a new locale.

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20
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

A mood disorder in which a person experiences two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods.

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21
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A mood disorder in which the person alternates between hopelessness of depression and overexcited mania.

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22
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

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23
Q

Cluster A

A

Odd or eccentric behaviors (e.g., paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal).

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24
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors (e.g., antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic).

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25
Cluster C
Anxious or fearful behaviors (e.g., avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive).
26
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A disorder marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy.
27
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions.
28
Paranoid Schizophrenia
A type of schizophrenia dominated by delusions of persecution or grandeur.
29
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Marked by motor disturbances, from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.
30
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Characterized by disorganized speech or behavior and flat or inappropriate emotion.
31
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A disorder involving constant attention-seeking behavior.
32
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Characterized by detachment from social relationships and limited emotional expression.
33
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A personality disorder in which a person shows no conscience for wrongdoing.
34
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
A disorder marked by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.
35
Avoidant Personality Disorder
A disorder characterized by social discomfort and avoidance of interpersonal contact.
36
Autism Spectrum Disorders
A range of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by social deficits and repetitive behaviors.
37
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
A disorder marked by extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
38
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, often diagnosed in childhood.
39
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques to help someone overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth.
40
Biomedical Therapy
Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology.
41
Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.
42
Psychoanalysis
Freud's therapeutic technique; aims to uncover unconscious conflicts.
43
Insight Therapy
Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives.
44
Client-Centered Therapy
A humanistic therapy by Carl Rogers that uses active listening and unconditional positive regard.
45
Active Listening
Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.
46
Behavior Therapy
Applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
47
Exposure Therapies
Behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to what they fear.
48
Systematic Desensitization
Associates a relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
49
Aversive Conditioning
Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
50
Token Economy
A reinforcement system where tokens are given for desired behaviors and exchanged for rewards.
51
Cognitive Therapy
Teaches people new, adaptive ways of thinking and acting.
52
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
A confrontational cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that challenges irrational beliefs.
53
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A popular therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques.
54
Group Therapy
Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals.
55
Family Therapy
Therapy that treats the family as a system.
56
Psychopharmacology
The study of drug effects on mind and behavior.
57
Antipsychotic Drugs
Medications used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
58
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
Medications that relieve anxiety and tension.
59
Antidepressant Drugs
Drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders.
60
Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy (ECT)
A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients involving a brief electric current.
61
Neurosurgery
Surgical destruction of specific brain areas to treat disorders.

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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