Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psychology > Unit 3: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 3: Social Psychology Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Study of how we thing about, influence, and relate to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Social Thinking

A

Thinking about others, especially when they engage in doing things that are unexpected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Attribution Theory

A

The tendency to give a casual explanation for someone’s behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two main factors credited in attribution theory for explaining behavior

A

Situation & Disposition (Dispositional & Situational Attribution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Phenomenon where a person’s belief or expectation about a situation or their own behavior unconsciously influences their actions, making it come true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rosenthal/Pygmalion Effect

A

Phenomenon where higher expectations from others lead to an improvement in performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency to overestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate the impact of the situations in analyzing the behaviors of others which leads to error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effect of Attribution

A

How we explain someone’s behavior affects how we react to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

Tendency to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

Tendency to blame our actions on external, situational factors and the blame the actions of others on internal, dispositional factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Self-Effecting Bias

A

Tendency to attribute positive behavior to external factors and negative behavior to internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Attitude

A

Belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Central Route to Persuation

A

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peripheral Route to Persuation

A

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A

Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Door-in-the-Face Phenomenon

A

Tendency for people who won’t agree to a larger task, but then agree with a smaller request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lowball Effect

A

Technique where an item/service is offered at a lower price than intended to be charged, after which the price is raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Tension that exists when a person’s beliefs don’t match his or her behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Zimbardo’s study of the effect if roles on behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison and they developed role-appropriate attitudes. The study was ended early because of the “guards” role-induced cruelty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phillip Zimbardo

A

Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

Unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reasons for Conformity

A

Normative Social Influence & Informative Social Influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Informative Social Influence
Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
26
Solomon Asch
Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines
27
Suggestibility
Tendency of individuals to accept and act on suggestions from others that influences perceptions, memories, and behaviors
28
Obedience
Social influence that is to act on the orders of an authority figure
29
Stanley Milgram
Conducted a study on obedience when he had a subject shock a patient to the extent that they would be seriously injuring the patient
30
Social Facilitation
Improved performance on tasks in the presence of others
31
Social Impairment
Worsened performance on tasks in the presence of others
32
Social Loafing
Tendency of an individual in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when by themselves
33
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
34
Group Polarization
Enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations or attitudes through discussion
35
Groupthink
Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
36
Prejudice
Unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members
37
Components of Prejudice
Beliefs (stereotypes), emotions (hostility, envy, fear), predisposition to act (discrimination)
38
Stereotype
Widely held but oversimplified and generalized belief about a group of people
39
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice
40
Roots of Prejudice
Social, Emotional, & Cognitive
41
Social Roots of Prejudice
Social Inequalities, Social Divisions, & Emotional Scapegoating
42
Social Inequality
Unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society
43
Blame-the-Victim Phenomenon
Occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them
44
Ingroup
People who share a common identity ("Us")
45
Outgroup
Those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup ("Them")
46
Ingroup Bias
Tendency to favor one's own group
47
Scapegoat Theory
Prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
48
Other-Race Effect
Tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races; occurs during infancy
49
Just-World Phenomenon
Tendency for people to believe the world is just & therefore people get what they deserve & deserve what they get
50
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group
51
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy and may be done reactively out of hostility or proactively as a calculated means to an end. It emerges from interaction of biology and experience.
52
Psychology of Aggression
1. Dealing with aversive events 2. Learning aggression is rewarding 2. Observing models of aggression 4. Acquiring social scripts
53
Aversive Events
Studies in which animals and humans experience unpleasant events reveal that those made miserable often make others miserable
54
Frustration-Aggression Principle
Principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression
55
Psychology of Attraction
Proximity, Physical Attractiveness, & Similarity
56
Proximity
Geographic nearness increases the likelihood of forming relationships and developing attraction
57
Passionate Love
Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
58
Companionate Love
Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
59
Mere-Exposure Effect
Tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure
60
Equity
Perception of fairness in the distribution of resources
61
Self-Disclosure
Act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
62
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
63
Diffusion of Responsibility
Decision making process for bystander intervention
64
Bystander Effect
Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystander
65
Reciprocity Norm
Expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
66
Social Exchange Theory
Theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
67
Social Responsibility Norm
Expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
68
Conflict
Struggle between opposing forces that cannot be resolved simultaneously
69
Approach-Approach Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict where a person has to decide between 2 appealing options
70
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict where an option has both desirable and undesirable aspects at the same time
71
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Intrapersonal conflict where you have to choose between two equally bad alternatives
72
Superordinate Goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation
73
Halo Effect
Misguided tendency to believe people skilled at one thing are equally skilled at unrelated things
74
Social Trap
Situation where two people on opposing sides engage in mutually destructive behavior by pursuing their own self interest
75
Mood-Linkage
Tendency to absorb and participate in the prevailing mood of people around

AP Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions