Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology Units 9-11 > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

2
Q

Pleural Cavities and Membranes

A

Thorax (chest) -> 2 pleural cavities.Each house has 1 lung.Membranes: Parietal pleura lines pleural cavityVisceral pleura covers each lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Upper respiratory system structures

A

-Nose-Mouth-Sinuses: air filled cavities in the bones of the head-Pharynx-Larynx (voice box)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lower Respiratory System

A

-Trachea-Bronchi-Bronchioles-Alveoli: grape like clusters of air sacs surrounded by blood capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute inflammation of the upper respiratory system lesion contain………….

A

Most Common: mucus (catarrhal)Less Common: pus (purulent) dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diphtheria

A

Acute inflammation of upper respiratory system.Bacterial sore throat with a low grade fever and swollen neck containing pseudo membrane.Contagious disease spread by direct physical contact or breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of mucous membrane of the nose; may cause runny nose, watery eyes, stuffy head, sore throat, sneezing, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common Cold

A

AKA -“acute rhinitis”acute inflammation; may lead to sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coryza

A

A form of rhinitisAcute inflammation with discharge of mucus; a head cold (viral infection which settles in the mucus membranes of the nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

AKA - “hay fever”a form of rhinitisinflammation due to allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of mucous membrane lining paranasal sinuses (cavities)Caused by infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the troatcaused by irritation, smoking, viral or bacterial (strep) infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of larynx & vocal cords-may follow rhinitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis-caused by mechanical injury or laryngeal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tonsilitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils (lymphatic tissue)-usually caused by strep infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nasal Polyps

A

Non-cancerous growths on mucus membranes of the noseRestricted (blocked) entrance of air and causes chronic irritation to noseCaused by aerosol decongestants, toxic fumes, cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Laryngeal Polyps

A

Non-cancerous growths on mucus membranes of larynx.-Interferes with speech-Caused by strain on larynx-may predispose laryngeal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea-caused by fumes, dust, allergies-may be associated with bronchitis or laryngitisMajor Complications:-Scar tissue and stenosis-breathing difficulties-risk of pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of mucous membrane lining the bronchi, very common.-caused by smoking, fumes, dust, allergies, pollen, viral(flu)-risk of pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic Bronchitis……….

A

leads to scar tissue on the walls of bronchi-> less flexible -> resulting in a stagnation of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal destruction and dilation of large airways (bronchi)-Could be congenital or acquired (result of another disorder)-causes Anoxia (anoxemia)-Bleeding in bronchi-long term damage makes bronchis inflexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Asthma

A

AKA - “Bronchial Asthma”Hyper sensitivity reaction causing constriction of bronchi-Long term effects heart, emphysema-Hereditary or acquired conditionHypersecretion of mucus from branchi -> bronchi can be blocked -> difficulty breathing -> anoxia, cyanosis, pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pneumonia

A

AKA - “pneumonitis” (means inflammation)Inflammation of bronchioles or alveoli due to viral or bacterial infectionmost common cause of bacteria Streptococcus pneumona, its an endogenous infection from nasopharynx flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pleurisy

A

AKA - “Pleuritis”Pneumona complicationInfection spreads to the membrane around the lung

24
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Pneumonia Complicationmucus in the chest cavity around the lungs

25
Q

Hemothorax

A

Pneumona Complicationblood in the chest cavity around the lungs

26
Empyema
Pneumona Complicationpus in the chest cavity around the lungs; caused by ruptured lung or ulcerated lung
27
Lobar Pneumonia
Infecting one or more lobes; usually caused by strep.Type of pneumonia
28
Bronchial Pneumonia
due to mixed bacterial infections associated with complications of surgery, aspiration, anesthesia, chronic illness, or chronic pulmonary diseaseType of pneumonia
29
Interstitial Pneumonia
Inflammation of lung supportive tissue between the air sacsthe process occurs all over and not localidiopathicType of pneumonia
30
Double Pneumonia
both lungs are involvedtype of pneumonia
31
Viral Pneumonia
Caused by variety of virusesType of pneumonia
32
Tuberculosis is caused by?
bacterial infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.-Spread by coughing, sneezing or inhaling-incubation period (7 to 14 days)
33
Tuberculosis Results
Scar tissues (granulomatous lesions) form on the lungs in 6 to 9 months->called tubercles / granulomas (dead bacteria, immune cells, lung tissue) = caseous necrosis)->infection survives inside the scar tissue but usually causes no further harm
34
Miliary Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis infection at multiple sites throughout the body.- 1 in 1000 cases-Infection may break out of the scar tissue and spreads to spleen, liver, kidneys, brain; usually fatal
35
Pneumoconiosis
refers to particles which have been inhaled into the lungs. examples: prolonged inhalation of mineral dustScar tissue ->discoloration -> interference with expansion of the lungs and breathing
36
Atelectasis
Collapse of alveoli or airless state of part or all of lung.-due to fractured ribs or mucus plaque.-causes inadequate breathing patterns and pain
37
Emphysema definition and process
End stage of severe chronic lung diseaseincreased production of mucus causes trapping of air in alveoli leading to over inflation ->destruction of alveoli ->lungs cannot recoil ->barrel chest appearance because of difficulty exhaling air from the lungs
38
Emphysema predisposing factors and results
Predisposing:-cigarette smoking-recurring inflammation of lungsResults:-respiratory failure-anoxia, cyanosis-hypertension-hypertrophy of heart, stroke-Scar tissue on lungs and pleural membrane
39
Emphysema -vs- Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema-Less inflammation -More alveolar destructionChronic Bronchitis-more inflammation-less alveolar destruction
40
Pulmonary Abscess
Collection of infectious material contained within a capsuleCauses by bacterial pneumonia. aspiration of food or foreign materialCan be a source of septicemia, difficult to treat
41
Lung Fungal Disease
Caused by inhaling airborne fungus.-Forms tuberculosis like granulomas-May spread throughout lungs, dyspnea and fever
42
Lung Cancer
Leading cause of cancer death in U.S.metastasizes to brain, bone and liver.10% survival rate for 5 years
43
Lung Cancer - Squamous Cell carcinoma
Lung Cancer - MALIGNANT new growth made up of epithelial cellsBronchogenic Carcinoma (starts at bronch & spreads to lungs)#1 type of male cancer#2 type of female cancer, but #1 cause of death
44
Respiratory Sarcoma
-Found in the soft tissue of lungs-Results in cough and breathlessness-Primary or secondary
45
Cleft (split) Lip
One or more abnormal splits in upper lip-related to hereditary factors-repaired surgically
46
Cleft Palate
Involves palate or roof of mouth, more common in girls.-Separate or in combination with cleft lip-related to HEREDITARY factors-repaired surgically
47
Cystic Fibrosis
HEREDITARY disorder (autosomal recessive) with defective transport of chloride.Lethal, affects exocrine glands causing secretion of thick mucous that obstruct body passageways (lung and pancreas)
48
Choking
Airway obstruction caused by foreign object, respiratory disease, or compression of the airways
49
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
group of pulmonary diseases characterized by inability to air into/out of lungscaused by smoking, chronic bronchitis and emphysemaresults in high carbon dioxide level in blood
50
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen
51
Emaciation
excessive wasting of the body
52
Hydrothorax
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
53
Hemorrhage
Escape of blood from vascular system
54
Cavitation
formation of cavities in an organ or tissue-frequently seen in some factors of tuberculosis

Pathology Units 9-11 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions