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CS Theory UNIT 1 > Unit 1.1 - Computer Systems > Flashcards

Unit 1.1 - Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does CPU mean

A

Central processing unit

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2
Q

Why is the CPU important

A

Hold several million transistors and process hundreds of millions of instructions each second

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3
Q

What is CPU speed measured in

A

Hertz

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4
Q

Function of transistor

A

Store 0s and 1s

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5
Q

What are transistors located on

A

Thin slice of silicon

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6
Q

How many transistors fit on one silicon chip

A

Thousands

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7
Q

Who created the idea of a stored program

A

Von Neumann

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8
Q

List components of CPU

A

Controller
ALU
Registers
Internal memory

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9
Q

Controller function

A

To send and receive signals from all parts of the computer

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10
Q

ALU function

A

To process and manipulate data, preform simple calculations and comparisons on data

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11
Q

Registers function

A

Store data or control info temporarily

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12
Q

Internal memory function

A

Used for fast access temporary storage from registers

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13
Q

Example of register

A

Accumulator - used to store ALU calculations

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14
Q

What are the actions performed by the ALU

A

Decision making & solving equations

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15
Q

Buses function

A

They allow data to be transferred to different parts of the computer

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16
Q

Address bus function

A

To send a storage address of where data is to be stored or loaded from

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17
Q

Data bus function

A

To transfer data to different parts of The computer

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18
Q

Control bus function

A

To send control signals to different parts of the computer

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19
Q

Idea of a Stored program is referred to as

A

Von Neumann architecture

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20
Q

FDE cycle step 1

A

Fetch - fetches address required from memory and stores it in the current instruction register and points to the next instruction

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21
Q

FDE cycle step 2

A

Decode - the control unit authenticates the instruction in the current instruction register and further decoded to determine its function

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22
Q

FDE cycle step 3

A

Execute - executes decoded instructions

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23
Q

Cache memory definition

A

Very expensive Fast access type type of memory. Due to the cost, there is usually significantly less cache memory in computers than there is RAM.

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24
Q

The more cache memory…

A

…the better the performance

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25
Q

Cache memory is faster because

A

It doesn’t have to travel by buses

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26
Q

One clock tick per second is equal to

A

1 hertz

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27
Q

First tetrahertz chip made in

A

2014 by DARPA

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28
Q

Typical computer has _______ processor

A

2.5 GHz

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29
Q

Define underclocking

A

Setting the clock speed lower than the original design

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30
Q

Define overclocking

A

Setting the clock speed higher than it’s original design

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31
Q

Overclocking - advantages & disadvantages

A

Advantage - processor runs faster and therefore has better performance
Disadvantage - computer overheats, higher power consumption & shortens lifespan of CPU

32
Q

Underclocking- advantages & disadvantages

A

Advantage - lower amount of heat produced, lower power consumption & longer lifespan of CPU
Disadvantage - processor runs slower and therefore has worse performance

33
Q

Define dynamic clock speed

A

Clock speed changes depending on requirements of computer

34
Q

Dual core CPU has

A

2 cores

35
Q

Quad core CPU has

A

4 cores

36
Q

True/False
Dual core is twice faster than single core

A

False - sometimes instruction 2 may need the result of instruction 1 before it can be processed

37
Q

Difference between single core & dual core

A

Single core has instructions processed one after the other, whereas dual core has two being processed at the same time

38
Q

True/False
Computers with many programs open will run faster with a multi core processor as opposed to a single core

A

True

39
Q

Define Input device

A

Device allowing data to be interpreted into a computer system (eg keyboard)

40
Q

Define output device

A

A device that creates an output from the computer (eg printer)

41
Q

RAM purpose

A

Used for the temporary storage of currently running programs and data. can be changed. Volatile. Large number of store locations

42
Q

ROM purpose

A

Used for permanent storage Of data. cannot be changed. permanent.

43
Q

Define Volatile

A

Data is lost when power is switched off

44
Q

Flash memory purpose

A

Used for permanent storage of data, yet data can be changed. Flash memory is permanent.

45
Q

RAM Cache memory purpose

A

Used for temporary storage of frequently accessed data & instructions. Small number of store locations. Volatile. Can be changed

46
Q

RAM storing example

A

Word document that is currently worked on

47
Q

ROM storing example

A

BIOS (cannot be upgraded)

48
Q

Flash memory storing example

A

BIOS (can be upgraded)

49
Q

Define BIOS

A

Basic input/output system

50
Q

Internal Memory speed ranked - high to low

A

Cache memory
ROM
RAM
Flash memory

51
Q

Secondary storage is also known as

A

Backing storage

52
Q

Flash drive suitability

A

Moving relatively small files

53
Q

External hard drive suitability

A

Backing up a computer system

54
Q

CD/DVD/Blu-ray disc suitability

A

Storing multi media files

55
Q

Magnetic tape suitability

A

Backing large commercial servers

56
Q

Secondary storage speed-high to low

A

Flash drive
External hard drive
CD/DVD/Blu-ray disc
Magnetic tape

57
Q

Define solid state technology

A

Doesn’t have any moving parts

58
Q

Define Optical technology

A

Lasers are used to read and write information on a disk

59
Q

Define magnetic technology

A

Data is stored on a magnetic medium using a write head. Do they can then be read by the read head

60
Q

Nybble value

A

4 bits

61
Q

Byte value

A

B - 8 bits

62
Q

Kilobyte value

A

kB - 1024 bytes

63
Q

Megabyte value

A

MB - 1024 kB

64
Q

Gigabyte value

A

GB - 1024 MB

65
Q

Terabyte value

A

TB - 1024 GB

66
Q

What is a bit

A

A bit is either one or a zero.

67
Q

True/false
It is quicker to access data from secondary storage compared to memory

A

False

68
Q

Motherboard definition

A

The main circuitboard of a computer

69
Q

GPU function

A

Perform calculations to produce graphic images

70
Q

Soundcards definition

A

Enables the computer to output sound

71
Q

Integrated GPU

A

A cheaper GPU that uses the computer is RAM

72
Q

Dedicated GPU

A

A dedicated GPU used by gamers and graphic designers

73
Q

What is an embedded system

A

A system consisting of multiple components

74
Q

What is firmware

A

Software won’t change

75
Q

Why do many embedded systems require real-time processing

A

Embedded systems need to respond immediately

CS Theory UNIT 1 (1 decks)

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