Unit 11 - Disorders & Treatments

Question 1

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive—disrupting day to day life

Answer 1

Psychological disorder

Question 2

Benefits of Diagnostic

Answer 2

Labeling/classification creates order
DSM V very reliable (1994/2000/2013)
Help professionals clearly communicate
Help determine treatment
Stimulate research
Insurance payments and legal procedures
Reduce guilt and blame
Advocate for support

Question 3

Burdens of diagnostic

Answer 3

Labeling leads to self-fulfilling prophecy
Stigmatize or dehumanize those with a disorder
Lead to discrimination and stereotyping
Lead a person to not take responsibility for getting better
Create a false dichotomy between normal and abnormal
Over medicating people?

Question 4

DSM V

Answer 4

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
used by mental health professionals to diagnose disorders and guide treatment plans

Question 5

Anxiety disorders

Answer 5

Persistent anxiety or maladaptive strategies to reduce anxiety
ex. GAD, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD

Question 6

person is unexplainably and continually tense/uneasy

Answer 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 7

person exhibits sudden episodes of intense dread

Answer 7

Panic Disorder

Question 8

person feels irrationally afraid of object or situation

Answer 8

Phobias

Question 9

unwanted or repetitive thoughts and/or actions

Answer 9

OCD

Question 10

lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening or uncontrollable event

Answer 10

PTSD

Question 11

Mood disorders

Answer 11

Emotional extremes, depression
ex. Seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder

Question 12

depression that follows a seasonal pattern, depressed in winter because less sunlight

Answer 12

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Question 13

mood swings between depression and mania (hyperactive and impulsive)

Answer 13

Bipolar disorder

Question 14

mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and reduced concentration

Answer 14

major depressive disorder

Question 15

Reasons for depression

Answer 15

Brain chemistry:
Low serotonin and norepinephrine
Lower than normal activity level is the frontal lobes

Others:
Cycle of depression
Learned helplessness

Question 16

“Split mind”
Characterized by highly disordered thought processes
Psychosis—split from reality

Answer 16

Schizophrenia

Question 17

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 17

Hallucinations—false sensory experience (seeing something that isn’t there)
Delusions – false, even preposterous beliefs not part of the person’s culture
Referential Thinking – personal meaning to completely random events
Catatonia - catayon state, almost like a trance
Jumbled thinking and behavior, word salad (gibberish)
Inappropriate/Flat affect - do things that aren’t socially appropriate

Question 18

Causes of

Answer 18

Genetic predisposition / Hereditary
Excess of neurotransmitter dopamine - affects brain processes that control movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain.
Virus during pregnancy
Abnormal brain
Enlarged ventricles (fluid-filled spaces in the brain) indicate atrophy in frontal and temporal lobe
Small frontal cortex (thinking, planning, decision area)
PET scans – during hallucinations high activity in thalamus
Paranoid – high activity in amygdala

Question 19

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause

Answer 19

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Question 20

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Answer 20

Illness anxiety disorder (formerly hypochondria)

Question 21

a rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Answer 21

Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder)

Question 22

an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being 15% or more underweight

Answer 22

Anorexia nervosa

Question 23

an eating disorder in which a person alternatives binge eating with purging/laxatives, excessive exercise, or fasting

Answer 23

Bulimia nervosa

Question 24

significant binge eating followed by distress or guilt

Answer 24

Binge eating disorder

Question 25

exhibit anxiety or fear of rejection

Answer 25

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Question 26

exhibit eccentric or odd behavior

Answer 26

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Question 27

exhibits dramatic or impulsive behavior, narcissists

Answer 27

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Question 28

a personality disorder in which a person (usually male) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members

Answer 28

Anti-social personality disorder

Question 29

Focus on uncovering unconscious internal conflict Free association Dream interpretation Resistance Transference

Answer 29

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Therapy

Question 30

Emphasizes people’s inherent potential for self-fulfillment Aims to boost people’s self-awareness and self-acceptance Conscious over unconscious Focuses on the here and now (as opposed to the past) The path to growth is taking immediate responsibility for one’s feelings and actions Carl Rogers—client centered therapy Active listening, unconditional positive regard

Answer 30

Humanistic Therapy

Question 31

application of learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors Counterconditioning—using classical conditioning strategies to retrain the brain Exposure therapies—behavioral technique that treats anxieties by exposing people to their fears Systematic desensitization Virtual reality exposure therapy Aversive conditioning—associates unpleasant state with unwanted behavior Token economy—earning a “token” for exhibiting desired behavior

Answer 31

Behavior Therapies

Question 32

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking—based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)—challenge irrational beliefs: Albert Ellis Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)—change thinking, change behavior

Answer 32

Cognitive therapies

Question 33

therapy where multiple clients are treated simultaneously by one or more healthcare professionals

Answer 33

group therapy

Question 34

used to help individuals and families improve their relationships and resolve conflicts

Answer 34

family therapy

Question 35

a group composed of individuals who meet on a regular basis to help one another cope with a life problem

Answer 35

self help therapy

Question 36

Lithium Carbonate

Answer 36

mood stabilizer - for people with bipolar

Question 37

Anti- Depressants

Answer 37

Used for depression, but also to treat anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD Agonists—increase the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (S.S.R.I.’s) i.e. Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

Question 38

Anti-Anxiety

Answer 38

Depress the CNS so people can relax i.e. Xanax, Ativan

Question 39

Anti-Psychotics

Answer 39

Block/inhibit dopamine Side effects: tardive dyskinesia – facial tics and other involuntary movements

Question 40

Lobotomy

Answer 40

psychosurgery, cut part of people's brain out, works really well when successful but very often gets botched

Question 41

Induce a seizure to reboot brain side effect is memory loss

Answer 41

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Question 42

Uses magnetic pulses to stimulate brain

Answer 42

Repetitive Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Question 43

the use of bright, artificial light to treat conditions like seasonal affective disorder

Answer 43

Light therapy

Question 44

incorporating positive lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, healthy eating, social connections, and stress management, to improve mental and physical well-being

Answer 44

therapeutic lifestyle changes