Unit 9 - Developmental Psych

Question 1

order of prenatal development

Answer 1

zygote, embryo, fetus

Question 2

teratogens

Answer 2

things can affect the
development of the fetus after conception

Question 3

types of teratogens

Answer 3

Nutrition
Medications
Pathogens
Radiation

Question 4

Lack of folic acid linked to – CNS defects and low birth weight

Protein malnutrition linked to more defects, fewer brain cells and learning disabilities

Answer 4

Nutrition

Question 5

Thalidomide – a mild sedative – linked to defect of small limbs and fingers and toes

Accutane (yes for acne)- linked to malformations in the brain, face and heart

Answer 5

Medication

Question 6

HIV – can be transmitted to baby before birth, during birth or breastfeeding

Syphilis - 40% of women infected will transmit to fetus - fetus may die or be born with defects

Answer 6

Pathogens

Question 7

X-rays and other radiations – increase infants chances of birth defects and leukemia

Answer 7

Radiation

Question 8

Infant abilities

Answer 8

Blurry vision
Hearing is poor – after few days can notice difference between tones
Rooting reflex - automatic sucking motions when you touch corner of mouth
Sucking reflex - automatic sucking motions when you touch roof of mouth

Question 9

Cognitive development

Answer 9

Jean Piaget

Question 10

Sensorimotor stage = an infant progresses from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought. The infant constructs an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions
age range = birth to 2 years

Answer 10

Jean Piaget

Question 11

Preoperational stage = the child begins to represent the world with words and images, these words and images reflect increased symbolic thinking and go beyond the connection of sensory information and physical action
age range = 2 to 7 years

Answer 11

Jean Piaget

Question 12

Concrete operational stage = the child can now reason logically about concrete events and classify objects into different sets
age range = 7 to 11 years

Answer 12

Jean Piaget

Question 13

formal operational stage = the adolescent reasons in more abstract and logical ways. Thought is more idealistic
age range = 11 to 15 years

Answer 13

Jean Piaget

Question 14

Thought that a child’s mind grows through interaction with the physical environment

Answer 14

Jean Piaget

Question 15

Disagreed with Piaget regarding how a child’s mind grows and develops

Answer 15

Lev Vygotsky

Question 16

child’s mind grows through interaction with the social environment, interactions, LANGUAGE is key

Answer 16

Lev Vygotsky

Question 17

zone of proximal development: the line between what
a child can do and what they can’t do; ie what they can
do with help

Answer 17

Lev Vygotsky

Question 18

Harry Harlow’s monkeys

Answer 18

Comfort contact
Monkeys preferred a soft comforting monkey rather than a wired metal one even though it provided food

Question 19

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 19

Secure attachment
Infants comfortably explored their surroundings when their caregiver was present, but showed distress when the caregiver left

Question 20

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 20

high control and little warmth. Lay down the law w/no explain and expectations of obedience

Question 21

Authoritative parenting

Answer 21

high control and high warm – lay down the law but explain reasons

Question 22

Permissive parenting

Answer 22

high warmth and low control. Accept behaviors with few demands and little punishment

Question 23

Uninvolved/Neglectful parenting

Answer 23

no warmth or control. May meet basic needs but physically and emotionally avoid child

Question 24

the socially constructed roles that define us as male/female

Answer 24

Gender

Question 25

the social expectations that guide men’s and women’s behaviors

Answer 25

Gender roles

Question 26

a person’s sense of being male or female

Answer 26

Gender identity

Question 27

people’s who gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex

Answer 27

Transgender

Question 28

Moral development

Answer 28

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 29

interested in how people justify their actions when put in moral dilemmas

Answer 29

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 30

Was Heinz Justified in Stealing the Drug in Order to Save his Wife’s Life?

Answer 30

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 31

Trolley Situation

Answer 31

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 32

Level 1 Preconventional Morality Before age 9 Obey to either avoid punishment or gain rewards

Answer 32

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 33

Level 1 Punishment and Obedience Child assumes that the rules given to them by adults must be obeyed unquestioningly Child tends to view things in terms of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ only Response to Heinz; “It is bad to steal, so he was wrong to steal the drug.” At this stage bad behavior = punishment

Answer 33

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 34

Level 2 Conventional morality Early adolescent Gains approval/avoids disapproval Care for others and maintain social order—follow laws because they are laws

Answer 34

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 35

Level 2 Maintaining the Social Order Emphasis now on obeying laws, respecting authority and performing one’s duties so that social order is maintained Step back from the ‘right’ thing for the individual and focus on the ‘right’ thing for society as whole Response to Heinz: “His motives were good, but you cannot condone theft. What would happen if we all started breaking laws when we felt we had a good reason?”

Answer 35

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 36

Level 3 Postconventional Morality Agreed upon rights and basic ethical principles Adolescence and beyond

Answer 36

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 37

Level 3 Social Contract and Individual Rights People begin to ask, “What makes for a good society?” They consider the rights and values society ought to uphold: Social Contract: Freely working for the benefit of all Response to Heinz: “From a moral standpoint Heinz was wrong. It is also important to know that the druggist was also wrong, he was not looking out for the good of society as a whole.” or “Everyone agrees that people have the right to live.”

Answer 37

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 38

Level 3 Universal Principles This stage is often considered a theoretical stage At this stage, people follow their internal conscience despite what law or social contract demands Though stealing is wrong the laws allowing the druggist to over charge are unfair Response to Heinz: “Saving a life takes precedence over everything else, including the law.”

Answer 38

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 39

Psychosocial development

Answer 39

Erik Erikson

Question 40

infancy trust vs mistrust if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust

Answer 40

Erik Erikson

Question 41

toddlerhood autonomy vs shame and doubt toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or the doubt their abilities

Answer 41

Erik Erikson

Question 42

preschool initiative vs guilt preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

Answer 42

Erik Erikson

Question 43

elementary school competence vs inferiority children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Answer 43

Erik Erikson

Question 44

adolescence identity vs role confusion teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Answer 44

Erik Erikson

Question 45

young adulthood intimacy vs isolation young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

Answer 45

Erik Erikson

Question 46

Middle adulthood generativity vs stagnation in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Answer 46

Erik Erikson

Question 47

late adulthood integrity vs despair reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

Answer 47

Erik Erikson

Question 48

aging and adulthood decline in...

Answer 48

Ability to reproduce Strength and stamina Sensory abilities Immune system weakens Brain ages, processing information slower Life

Question 49

Early symptoms of alzheimers

Answer 49

Language problems, such as trouble finding the name of familiar objects Misplacing items Getting lost on familiar routes Personality changes and loss of social skills Losing interest in things previously enjoyed, flat mood Difficulty performing tasks that take some thought, but used to come easily, such as balancing a checkbook, playing complex games (such as bridge), and learning new information or routines

Question 50

Severe alzheimer's

Answer 50

Can no longer: Understand language Recognize family members Perform basic activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathing

Question 51

Stages of grief Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Answer 51

denial (shock/numb), anger, bargaining (trying to make deals, thinking in terms of "what ifs" and "only ifs"), depression, acceptance